Interview Questions

Agile MCQ

Question : What is the primary goal of Agile development? Delivering a fully defined product at the end of the project Adhering strictly to a detailed project plan Embracing change and delivering incremental value Following a rigid and inflexible development process Correct Answer : Embracing change and delivering incremental value Question : Which Agile principle emphasizes the importance of individuals and interactions over processes and tools? Customer collaboration over contract negotiation Responding to change over following a plan Individuals and interactions over processes and tools Working software over comprehensive documentation Correct Answer : Individuals and interactions over processes and tools Question : What is the duration of a typical Agile iteration or timebox known as? Sprints Milestones Phases Waterfall Correct Answer : Sprints Question : In Agile, what is the role of a Product Owner? Managing the development team Ensuring the quality of the code Representing the customer and defining product requirements Writing detailed technical specifications Correct Answer : Representing the customer and defining product requirements Question : Which Agile practice involves the development team providing a potentially shippable product increment at the end of each sprint? Sprint Planning Daily Stand-up Sprint Review Sprint Retrospective Correct Answer : Sprint Review Question : What is the purpose of a burndown chart in Agile? Tracking the remaining work in a sprint Evaluating the team's velocity Monitoring the progress of individual team members Identifying bottlenecks in the development process Correct Answer : Tracking the remaining work in a sprint Question : Which Agile value promotes collaboration with customers throughout the development process? Customer satisfaction through early and continuous delivery Welcome changing requirements, even late in development Working software is the primary measure of progress Sustainable development, able to maintain a constant pace Correct Answer : Customer satisfaction through early and continuous delivery Question : What is the purpose of the Daily Stand-up (Scrum) or Daily Stand-up (Kanban) in Agile? Detailed status reporting Problem-solving session Review of completed tasks Brief team synchronization and planning for the day Correct Answer : Brief team synchronization and planning for the day Question : Which Agile practice involves the team reflecting on their performance and identifying improvements at the end of each sprint? Sprint Planning Daily Stand-up Sprint Review Sprint Retrospective Correct Answer : Sprint Retrospective Question : What is the purpose of the Scrum Master role in Scrum Agile framework? Managing the product backlog Facilitating and supporting the Scrum team Deciding the priority of user stories Writing test cases Correct Answer : Facilitating and supporting the Scrum team Question : Which Agile value emphasizes the importance of maintaining a sustainable pace of work? Customer satisfaction through early and continuous delivery Welcome changing requirements, even late in development Working software is the primary measure of progress Sustainable development, able to maintain a constant pace Correct Answer : Sustainable development, able to maintain a constant pace Question : What is the purpose of the "Definition of Done" in Agile? Identifying tasks to be completed in the next sprint Defining acceptance criteria for user stories Outlining the responsibilities of each team member Specifying when a task is considered complete Correct Answer : Specifying when a task is considered complete Question : In Agile, what does the term "velocity" refer to? The speed of the development team The rate at which user stories are completed in a sprint The time taken for code deployment The frequency of customer feedback Correct Answer : The rate at which user stories are completed in a sprint Question : What is the primary role of the development team in Agile? Defining product requirements Creating a detailed project plan Delivering a potentially shippable product increment Managing customer relationships Correct Answer : Delivering a potentially shippable product increment Question : Which Agile framework is often associated with continuous delivery and deployment practices? Scrum Kanban Extreme Programming (XP) Crystal Correct Answer : Extreme Programming (XP) Question : In Agile, what is the purpose of a "user story"? A detailed project plan A narrative description of a feature from an end-user perspective A task assigned to a team member A comprehensive list of software requirements Correct Answer : A narrative description of a feature from an end-user perspective Question : Which Agile value promotes the idea of welcoming changes in requirements, even late in the development process? Customer satisfaction through early and continuous delivery Welcome changing requirements, even late in development Working software is the primary measure of progress Sustainable development, able to maintain a constant pace Correct Answer : Welcome changing requirements, even late in development Question : What is the purpose of a Kanban board in Agile development? Tracking the progress of user stories Facilitating sprint planning meetings Defining acceptance criteria for tasks Identifying bottlenecks in the development process Correct Answer : Tracking the progress of user stories Question : In Agile, what is the role of a "stakeholder"? A team member responsible for quality assurance A customer representative involved in the project The leader of the development team A project manager overseeing the entire process Correct Answer : A customer representative involved in the project Question : Which Agile principle emphasizes the importance of continuous attention to technical excellence and good design? Delivering a fully defined product at the end of the project Welcome changing requirements, even late in development Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design Responding to change over following a plan Correct Answer : Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design Question : What is the primary goal of Scrum in software development? Following a strict plan Delivering a fully defined product at the end of the project Embracing change and delivering incremental value Focusing on comprehensive documentation Correct Answer : Embracing change and delivering incremental value Question : In Scrum, what is the role of the Scrum Master? Managing the product backlog Facilitating and supporting the Scrum team Deciding the priority of user stories Writing test cases Correct Answer : Facilitating and supporting the Scrum team Question : What is the duration of a typical Sprint in Scrum? 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks Correct Answer : 2 weeks Question : Which Scrum event involves the Scrum Team reviewing what was accomplished in the Sprint and what was not accomplished? Sprint Planning Daily Scrum Sprint Review Sprint Retrospective Correct Answer : Sprint Review Question : What is the purpose of the Daily Scrum in Scrum methodology? Detailed status reporting Problem-solving session Review of completed tasks Brief team synchronization and planning for the day Correct Answer : Brief team synchronization and planning for the day Question : In Scrum, what is the primary responsibility of the Product Owner? Managing the development team Ensuring the quality of the code Representing the customer and prioritizing the product backlog Writing detailed technical specifications Correct Answer : Representing the customer and prioritizing the product backlog Question : What does the term "Product Backlog" represent in Scrum? Completed features in the current Sprint A list of tasks for the Scrum Master An ordered list of features and enhancements for the product A backlog of bugs and issues Correct Answer : An ordered list of features and enhancements for the product Question : Which role is responsible for making sure the Scrum Team adheres to the Scrum values and practices? Product Owner Scrum Master Development Team Stakeholder Correct Answer : Scrum Master Question : What is the primary purpose of the Sprint Retrospective in Scrum? Planning the next Sprint Reviewing and improving the team's processes Demonstrating completed work to stakeholders Daily check-in for progress tracking Correct Answer : Reviewing and improving the team's processes Question : In Scrum, what is the timebox for the Sprint Planning meeting? 1 hour 2 hours 4 hours 8 hours Correct Answer : 4 hours Question : Who is responsible for accepting or rejecting work results during the Sprint Review in Scrum? Scrum Master Development Team Product Owner Stakeholders Correct Answer : Product Owner Question : What is the purpose of the "Definition of Done" in Scrum? Identifying tasks to be completed in the next Sprint Defining acceptance criteria for user stories Outlining the responsibilities of each team member Specifying when a task is considered complete Correct Answer : Specifying when a task is considered complete Question : In Scrum, what is the recommended size for a Development Team? 3-5 members 5-7 members 7-9 members 9-12 members Correct Answer : 5-7 members Question : What is the purpose of the "Sprint Goal" in Scrum? Identifying the overall project goal Setting a goal for individual team members Defining the focus for the current Sprint Establishing long-term development objectives Correct Answer : Defining the focus for the current Sprint Question : What is the role of the Development Team in Scrum? Defining product requirements Creating a detailed project plan Delivering a potentially shippable product increment Managing customer relationships Correct Answer : Delivering a potentially shippable product increment Question : Which artifact in Scrum represents a snapshot of the work that still needs to be completed in the Sprint? Burnup chart Burndown chart Product Backlog Sprint Backlog Correct Answer : Sprint Backlog Question : What is the role of stakeholders in Scrum? Implementing technical solutions Representing the customer and defining requirements Facilitating Sprint Planning meetings Observing the Sprint Review Correct Answer : Observing the Sprint Review Question : In Scrum, what is the purpose of the "Increment" at the end of a Sprint? Completed features in the current Sprint A snapshot of the current product state A list of completed tasks A report on team performance Correct Answer : A snapshot of the current product state Question : What is the primary focus of the Daily Scrum meeting in Scrum? Discussing project timelines Solving complex technical issues Reviewing and adjusting the team's progress towards the Sprint Goal Updating the Product Backlog Correct Answer : Reviewing and adjusting the team's progress towards the Sprint Goal Question : Which Scrum value promotes the idea of committing to achieving the Sprint Goal and respecting each other's commitments? Focus Courage Openness Commitment Correct Answer : Commitment

BDD MCQ

Question : What is the primary purpose of a BDD framework in software development?

Code compilation

Unit testing

System integration

Collaboration and communication

Correct Answer : Collaboration and communication

Question : Which language is commonly used for writing executable specifications in BDD?

Java

Python

Gherkin

Correct Answer : Gherkin

Question : What is the role of a "Feature" in a Gherkin file within a BDD framework?

A code snippet

A scenario outline

A high-level description of functionality

A data table

Correct Answer : A high-level description of functionality

Question : Which BDD tool is commonly associated with Java projects for implementing Gherkin scenarios?

Cucumber

Behave

SpecFlow

JBehave

Correct Answer : Cucumber

Question : What is the purpose of the "Given-When-Then" structure in Gherkin syntax?

Representing variables

Organizing test steps

Defining feature files

Identifying code comments

Correct Answer : Organizing test steps

Question : Which section of a Gherkin scenario outlines the initial context or preconditions?

Given

When

Then

And

Correct Answer : Given

Question : In BDD, what is the role of a "Step Definition" file?

Defining feature files

Executing scenarios

Writing Gherkin syntax

Mapping Gherkin steps to code implementations

Correct Answer : Mapping Gherkin steps to code implementations

Question : Which of the following is a benefit of using BDD frameworks?

Faster code compilation

Improved code coverage

Enhanced collaboration between technical and non-technical team members

Reduced execution time of test cases

Correct Answer : Enhanced collaboration between technical and non-technical team members

Question : What is the primary purpose of the "Background" keyword in Gherkin scenarios?

Executing steps before each scenario

Defining feature file properties

Setting the background color of the scenario

Providing additional information about a step

Correct Answer : Executing steps before each scenario

Question : Which BDD framework is associated with the .NET ecosystem and supports Gherkin syntax?

Cucumber

SpecFlow

Behave

JBehave

Correct Answer : SpecFlow

Question : What does the acronym "BDD" stand for in the context of software development?

Binary Data Development

Behavior-Driven Development

Backward Dependency Declaration

Base Data Design

Correct Answer : Behavior-Driven Development

Question : What is the purpose of the "Scenario Outline" keyword in Gherkin?

Defining a high-level scenario

Creating a template for similar scenarios with different inputs

Adding comments to scenarios

Specifying scenario tags

Correct Answer : Creating a template for similar scenarios with different inputs

Question : Which BDD framework is commonly used with Python projects for implementing Gherkin scenarios?

Cucumber

Behave

SpecFlow

JBehave

Correct Answer : Behave

Question : In BDD, what is the purpose of the "Scenario" keyword in Gherkin?

Defining a feature file

Identifying the start of a scenario

Creating a scenario outline

Organizing feature files

Correct Answer : Identifying the start of a scenario

Question : Which section of a Gherkin scenario outlines the expected outcomes or results?

Given

When

Then

And

Correct Answer : Then

Question : What is the purpose of the "Doc Strings" in Gherkin scenarios?

Embedding documentation within feature files

Providing a description for steps

Including multiline string values in steps

Creating a detailed specification for a feature

Correct Answer : Including multiline string values in steps

Question : Which BDD framework is commonly associated with JavaScript projects for implementing Gherkin scenarios?

Cucumber

Behave

SpecFlow

JBehave

Correct Answer : Cucumber

Question : What is the purpose of the "Examples" section in a Gherkin scenario outline?

Listing examples of feature files

Providing additional information about a step

Enumerating various test cases with different input values

Identifying scenarios with the same outline

Correct Answer : Enumerating various test cases with different input values

Question : Which keyword is used to tag scenarios in Gherkin?

Tag

ScenarioTag

@Tag

#Tag

Correct Answer : @Tag

Question : What is the primary goal of BDD frameworks regarding testing scenarios?

Identifying bugs in the code

Executing test cases faster

Ensuring complete test coverage

Improving communication between teams and stakeholders

Correct Answer : Improving communication between teams and stakeholders

Question : What is the purpose of the "Background" keyword in Cucumber scenarios?

Identifying the start of a scenario

Executing steps before each scenario

Creating a template for similar scenarios

Specifying scenario tags

Correct Answer : Executing steps before each scenario

Question : Which BDD framework uses the concept of "Given-When-Then" in its syntax?

JBehave

Behave

Cucumber

SpecFlow

Correct Answer : Cucumber

Question : In BDD, what is the purpose of the "Rule" annotation in JBehave?

Identifying the start of a scenario

Defining a feature file

Organizing test stories

Creating a template for scenarios

Correct Answer : Organizing test stories

Question : What is the primary advantage of using BDD frameworks for test automation?

Faster execution of test cases

Improved readability of test scenarios

Reduced development time

Better handling of exceptions

Correct Answer : Improved readability of test scenarios

Question : What is the purpose of the "GivenStories" keyword in JBehave scenarios?

Executing steps before each scenario

Including additional documentation

Associating external stories with the current scenario

Organizing feature files

Correct Answer : Associating external stories with the current scenario

Question : Which BDD framework is primarily associated with the JVM (Java Virtual Machine) ecosystem?

Behave

Cucumber

SpecFlow

JBehave

Correct Answer : JBehave

Question : In BDD, what is the purpose of the "Background" section in a SpecFlow feature file?

Defining feature file properties

Executing steps before each scenario

Creating a template for scenarios

Providing additional information about a step

Correct Answer : Executing steps before each scenario

Question : Which keyword is used to tag features in Gherkin scenarios?

FeatureTag

@Feature

#Feature

Tag

Correct Answer : @Feature

Question : What is the purpose of the "Scenario Template" in a Gherkin scenario outline?

Executing steps before each scenario

Creating a template for similar scenarios

Identifying scenarios with the same outline

Listing examples of feature files

Correct Answer : Creating a template for similar scenarios

Question : Which BDD framework allows developers to write executable specifications in plain text?

JBehave

SpecFlow

Behave

Cucumber

Correct Answer : Cucumber

Question : What is the role of the "Scenario Context" in BDD frameworks?

Storing and sharing data between steps

Defining the scenario title

Organizing feature files

Controlling the order of execution

Correct Answer : Storing and sharing data between steps

Question : Which BDD framework supports natural language descriptions and uses the "Given-When-Then" structure?

JBehave

Cucumber

Behave

SpecFlow

Correct Answer : JBehave

Question : In BDD, what is the purpose of the "Background" section in a Behave feature file?

Executing steps before each scenario

Defining feature file properties

Organizing test stories

Creating a template for scenarios

Correct Answer : Executing steps before each scenario

Question : What is the primary advantage of using tags in BDD scenarios?

Improved test execution speed

Better organization and categorization of scenarios

Enhanced readability of feature files

Automatic generation of documentation

Correct Answer : Better organization and categorization of scenarios

Question : Which BDD framework uses the concept of "Scenarios" and "Features" in its syntax?

SpecFlow

Behave

JBehave

Cucumber

Correct Answer : SpecFlow

Question : What is the purpose of the "Background" keyword in SpecFlow scenarios?

Executing steps before each scenario

Creating a template for similar scenarios

Defining feature file properties

Organizing test stories

Correct Answer : Executing steps before each scenario

Question : Which BDD framework is often used for testing applications built with the Ruby on Rails framework?

Cucumber

Behave

SpecFlow

JBehave

Correct Answer : Cucumber

Question : In BDD, what is the purpose of the "Step Definition" in the context of Cucumber?

Executing steps before each scenario

Mapping Gherkin steps to code implementations

Defining feature file properties

Creating a template for scenarios

Correct Answer : Mapping Gherkin steps to code implementations

Question : What does the "Scenario Outline" help achieve in BDD frameworks?

Executing steps before each scenario

Creating a template for similar scenarios with different input values

Defining feature file properties

Organizing test stories

Correct Answer : Creating a template for similar scenarios with different input values

RestAssured API

Question : What does the acronym "REST" stand for?

Remote Execution of Stateful Transactions

Representational State Transfer

Resourceful Endpoint Service Technology

Reliable Stateful Transactions

Correct Answer :Representational State Transfer

Question : Which HTTP method is typically used for retrieving a resource in a RESTful API?

POST

GET

PUT

DELETE

Correct Answer :GET

Question : In REST, what does the term "resource" refer to?

A representation of data

An API endpoint

A database table

A programming language

Correct Answer :A representation of data

Question : Which status code indicates a successful HTTP GET request in REST?

200 OK

201 Created

404 Not Found

500 Internal Server Error

Correct Answer :200 OK

Question : What is the primary purpose of the "Content-Type" header in an HTTP request or response?

Specify the type of authentication

Define the character encoding

Indicate the type of data being sent or received

Determine the cache control settings

Correct Answer :Indicate the type of data being sent or received

Question : In RESTful APIs, what is the purpose of the "URI" (Uniform Resource Identifier)?

To define the programming language used

To identify resources and their location

To specify the authentication method

To handle error responses

Correct Answer :To identify resources and their location

Question : Which HTTP method is typically used for creating a new resource in a RESTful API?

POST

GET

PUT

DELETE

Correct Answer :POST

Question : What does the term "idempotent" mean in the context of RESTful APIs?

The ability to create multiple resources with the same identifier

The ability to perform an operation multiple times with the same result as if it were done once

The requirement for strong authentication

The process of handling errors gracefully

Correct Answer :The ability to perform an operation multiple times with the same result as if it were done once

Question : Which HTTP status code is commonly used for resource not found in a RESTful API?

200 OK

201 Created

404 Not Found

500 Internal Server Error

Correct Answer :404 Not Found

Question : What is the purpose of the "OPTIONS" HTTP method in RESTful APIs?

Retrieve resource data

Update a resource

Retrieve metadata information about the resource

Delete a resource

Correct Answer :Retrieve metadata information about the resource

Question : Which authentication method is commonly used in RESTful APIs for secure communication?

OAuth

Basic Authentication

Token Authentication

API Key Authentication

Correct Answer :OAuth

Question : What does HATEOAS stand for in the context of REST architecture?

Hypermedia As The Engine Of Application State

Highly Accessible Transfer Environment for Object Serialization

Hypertext Application Transfer Endpoint Architecture Specification

Heterogeneous Architecture for Transaction Execution Over Asynchronous Systems

Correct Answer :Hypermedia As The Engine Of Application State

Question : Which HTTP method is used to update a resource in a RESTful API?

POST

GET

PUT

PATCH

Correct Answer :PUT

Question : What is the primary purpose of the "Accept" header in an HTTP request?

To indicate the content type of the request

To specify the response format the client can accept

To define the character encoding

To provide authentication credentials

Correct Answer :To specify the response format the client can accept

Question : What is the significance of the "statelessness" principle in RESTful architecture?

Every request from a client contains all the information needed to understand and process the request

The server must store the state of each client to handle subsequent requests

Clients are required to maintain the state of their interactions with the server

Servers must remember the state of each resource to handle requests efficiently

Correct Answer :Every request from a client contains all the information needed to understand and process the request

Question : Which HTTP method is used to partially update a resource in a RESTful API?

POST

GET

PUT

PATCH

Correct Answer :PATCH

Question : What is the purpose of the "ETag" header in HTTP responses?

To specify the encoding of the response

To provide caching information

To indicate the type of authentication used

To define the character set of the response

Correct Answer :To provide caching information

Question : In REST, what does the term "Uniform Interface" refer to?

A standardized way to authenticate requests

A set of conventions that, when applied to resources, results in a uniform and predictable way to interact with those resources

A specific programming language used for API development

A mechanism for encrypting data during transmission

Correct Answer :A set of conventions that, when applied to resources, results in a uniform and predictable way to interact with those resources

Question : Which status code indicates a client error in a RESTful API, typically due to malformed requests?

200 OK

201 Created

400 Bad Request

404 Not Found

Correct Answer :400 Bad Request

Question : What is the purpose of the "Cross-Origin Resource Sharing" (CORS) mechanism in the context of RESTful APIs?

To prevent the use of API resources by unauthorized clients

To enable or restrict access to resources based on the origin of the requesting client

To encrypt data transmitted between the client and server

To define the format of the resource representation

Correct Answer :To enable or restrict access to resources based on the origin of the requesting client

Question : What is REST Assured primarily used for in Java?

Database operations

Front-end development

API automation testing

File manipulation

Correct Answer :API automation testing

Question : Which HTTP method is commonly used with REST Assured to perform a GET request?

post()

get()

put()

delete()

Correct Answer :get()

Question : In REST Assured, what is the purpose of the given(), when(), and then() methods in the testing flow?

Defining request parameters, making the request, and validating the response

Handling exceptions, logging, and printing output

Initializing variables, running tests, and generating reports

Creating test data, executing test cases, and cleaning up resources

Correct Answer :Defining request parameters, making the request, and validating the response

Question : Which of the following is used to set the base URI for REST Assured tests?

base()

baseUri()

setBaseURI()

setBase()

Correct Answer :baseUri()

Question : How do you specify the query parameters in a REST Assured request?

Using the queryParams() method

Appending them to the URL

Using the queryParam() method

Using the params() method

Correct Answer :Using the queryParam() method

Question : What is the purpose of the extract() method in REST Assured?

Extracting data from the request body

Extracting data from the response body

Extracting data from the headers

Extracting data from the URL

Correct Answer :Extracting data from the response body

Question : Which method is used to send a POST request with JSON payload in REST Assured?

post()

sendPost()

postJSON()

sendJSON()

Correct Answer :post()

Question : How do you validate a JSON response using REST Assured?

Using validate()

Using assert()

Using check()

Using verify()

Correct Answer :Using validate()

Question : What is the purpose of the statusCode method in REST Assured?

Setting the HTTP status code for a request

Extracting the HTTP status code from a response

Verifying the expected HTTP status code

Ignoring the HTTP status code

Correct Answer :Verifying the expected HTTP status code

Question : Which method is used to send a DELETE request in REST Assured?

delete()

sendDelete()

remove()

sendRemove()

Correct Answer :delete()

Question : How do you handle authentication in REST Assured for an API that requires a token?

Using the auth() method

Appending the token to the URL

Using the header() method

Using the oauth() method

Correct Answer :Using the header() method

Question : What is the purpose of the contentType() method in REST Assured?

Setting the character encoding

Specifying the expected response content type

Defining the request body content type

Configuring the request timeout

Correct Answer :Defining the request body content type

Question : How do you perform path parameter substitution in REST Assured?

Using the pathParam() method

Appending them to the URL

Using the param() method

Using the setPathParam() method

Correct Answer :Using the pathParam() method

Question : Which method is used to set a request header in REST Assured?

setHeader()

header()

addHeader()

requestHeader()

Correct Answer :header()

Question : What is the purpose of the log() method in REST Assured?

Logging request details

Logging response details

Logging both request and response details

Controlling log levels

Correct Answer :Logging both request and response details

Question : Which method is used to perform assertions on the response body in REST Assured?

assertThat()

verifyThat()

checkThat()

expectThat()

Correct Answer :assertThat()

Question : What does the hasItems() method do in REST Assured?

Checks if the response contains specific items

Adds items to the request

Validates the HTTP status code

Sets the base URI

Correct Answer :Checks if the response contains specific items

Question : How do you perform content verification in REST Assured for a response containing JSON data?

Using content().json()

Using content().verifyJson()

Using check().jsonContent()

Using verify().json()

Correct Answer :Using content().json()

Question : What is the purpose of the relaxedHTTPSValidation() method in REST Assured?

Enabling strict HTTPS validation

Disabling HTTPS validation

Relaxed validation for HTTPS certificates

Specifying a custom SSL context

Correct Answer :Relaxed validation for HTTPS certificates

Question : Which method is used to set the base path for REST Assured tests?

basePath()

setPath()

withPath()

baseURI()

Correct Answer :basePath()

Question : What is the purpose of the formParam() method in REST Assured?

Sending data in JSON format

Setting form parameters in a request

Verifying form fields in the response

Generating form-based authentication tokens

Correct Answer :Setting form parameters in a request

Question : How do you perform response time validation in REST Assured?

Using check().responseTime()

Using assertThat().responseTime()

Using validate().responseTime()

Using verify().responseTime()

Correct Answer :Using validate().responseTime()

Question : What is the purpose of the rootPath() method in REST Assured?

Setting the base path for requests

Defining the root path for JSON responses

Configuring the root directory for the project

Setting the context root for servlets

Correct Answer :Defining the root path for JSON responses

Question : Which method is used to perform XPath-based validation on XML responses in REST Assured?

assertThat().xmlPath()

validate().xpath()

check().xml()

verify().xpath()

Correct Answer :validate().xpath()

Question : What is the purpose of the with() method in REST Assured?

Configuring request parameters

Handling exceptions

Setting authentication details

Initializing test data

Correct Answer :Configuring request parameters

Question : Which method is used to perform assertions on cookies in REST Assured?

assertThat().cookie()

verify().cookies()

check().cookie()

expect().cookie()

Correct Answer :assertThat().cookie()

Question : How do you perform response body content validation in REST Assured for XML data?

Using content().verifyXml()

Using assertThat().xml()

Using check().xmlContent()

Using verify().content().xml()

Correct Answer :Using assertThat().xml()

Question : What is the purpose of the urlEncodingEnabled() method in REST Assured?

Enabling URL encoding for request parameters

Disabling URL encoding for request parameters

Configuring the URL encoding format

Setting the default encoding for URLs

Correct Answer :Disabling URL encoding for request parameters

Question : Which method is used to perform response header validation in REST Assured?

assertThat().header()

verify().headers()

check().responseHeader()

expect().header()

Correct Answer :assertThat().header()

Question : What is the purpose of the redirects() method in REST Assured?

Configuring the number of allowed redirects

Disabling HTTP redirects

Configuring the redirection strategy

Setting the URL for redirection

Correct Answer :Configuring the number of allowed redirects

JavaScript MCQ

Question : What is JavaScript primarily used for?

Styling web pages

Server-side scripting

Enhancing user interfaces in web browsers

Database management

Correct Answer : Enhancing user interfaces in web browsers

Question : Which keyword is used to declare a variable in JavaScript?

var

variable

int

Correct Answer : var

Question : What will be the result of the following expression: 3 + '3'?

'33'

Error

Correct Answer : '33'

Question : Which of the following is not a data type in JavaScript?

String

Boolean

Float

Character

Correct Answer : Character

Question : What does the === operator do in JavaScript?

Assignment

Equality (strict comparison)

Inequality

Type coercion

Correct Answer : Equality (strict comparison)

Question : Which function is used to print output in the console in JavaScript?

print()

log()

display()

console()

Correct Answer : log()

Question : What is the purpose of the querySelector method in JavaScript?

Selects the first element that matches a specified CSS selector

Changes the document's URL

Adds a new HTML element

Converts a string to a number

Correct Answer : Selects the first element that matches a specified CSS selector

Question : Which of the following is a loop structure in JavaScript?

repeat

for/in

sequence

until

Correct Answer : for/in

Question : What does the this keyword refer to in JavaScript?

The current file

The calling function

The global object

The previous variable

Correct Answer : The global object

Question : Which event is triggered when a user clicks on an HTML element in JavaScript?

onhover

onsubmit

onclick

onkeydown

Correct Answer : onclick

Question : What is the purpose of the localStorage object in JavaScript?

Storing session-specific data

Storing data locally in the browser

Managing cookies

Accessing the server's file system

Correct Answer : Storing data locally in the browser

Question : Which keyword is used to prevent the execution of code in JavaScript?

prevent

stop

break

debugger

Correct Answer : debugger

Question : What is the result of the following code snippet: console.log(typeof (5 + '5'))?

number

string

NaN

undefined

Correct Answer : string

Question : What is the purpose of the JSON.stringify() method in JavaScript?

Parsing JSON data

Converting a JavaScript object to a JSON string

Retrieving data from an API

Creating a JSON object

Correct Answer : Converting a JavaScript object to a JSON string

Question : Which function is used to create a new element in the DOM in JavaScript?

createElement()

appendChild()

newElement()

addElement()

Correct Answer : createElement()

Question : What is the purpose of the Promise object in JavaScript?

To handle synchronous operations

To represent a value that might be available now, later, or never

To handle errors in asynchronous code

To create anonymous functions

Correct Answer : To represent a value that might be available now, later, or never

Question : What does the typeof operator return for null in JavaScript?

null

object

undefined

number

Correct Answer : object

Question : Which built-in object is used to handle errors in JavaScript?

Error

Exception

ErrorHandler

TryCatch

Correct Answer : Error

Question : What is the purpose of the splice() method in JavaScript?

To remove elements from an array

To add elements to the beginning of an array

To concatenate two arrays

To reverse the order of elements in an array

Correct Answer : To remove elements from an array

Question : Which keyword is used to declare a constant variable in JavaScript?

let

constant

const

var

Correct Answer : const

Question : What is the purpose of the addEventListener method in JavaScript?

To create event listeners for HTML elements

To add attributes to HTML elements

To create new elements in the DOM

To define functions in JavaScript

Correct Answer : To create event listeners for HTML elements

Question : Which of the following statements is true about the 'let' keyword in JavaScript?

It declares a variable with block scope

It declares a variable with function scope

It declares a constant variable

It is used to define a loop

Correct Answer : It declares a variable with block scope

Question : What does the isNaN() function in JavaScript do?

Checks if a value is not a number

Converts a value to a number

Checks if a value is negative

Retrieves the index of an array element

Correct Answer : Checks if a value is not a number

Question : Which of the following is used to iterate over the values of an iterable object in JavaScript?

for loop

forEach loop

while loop

do-while loop

Correct Answer : forEach loop

Question : What does the 'async' keyword do in a function declaration in JavaScript?

Declares a function as asynchronous

Declares a function as anonymous

Defines a function as an arrow function

Indicates a function with a return value

Correct Answer : Declares a function as asynchronous

Question : Which method is used to remove the last element from an array in JavaScript?

pop()

shift()

removeLast()

deleteLast()

Correct Answer : pop()

Question : What is the purpose of the 'bind()' method in JavaScript?

To bind HTML elements to a JavaScript function

To concatenate strings

To bind the value of 'this' in a function

To create a new array

Correct Answer : To bind the value of 'this' in a function

Question : What does the localStorage.removeItem() method do in JavaScript?

Adds a new item to localStorage

Updates an existing item in localStorage

Removes an item from localStorage

Clears all items from localStorage

Correct Answer : Removes an item from localStorage

Question : Which JavaScript method is used to join elements of an array into a string?

concat()

join()

merge()

combine()

Correct Answer : join()

Question : What does the 'arguments' object in a JavaScript function represent?

All parameters passed to the function

The function's return value

The function's local variables

The number of times the function is called

Correct Answer : All parameters passed to the function

Question : Which of the following is true about the 'map()' method in JavaScript?

It modifies the original array

It creates a new array by applying a function to each element

It removes elements from an array

It returns a boolean value

Correct Answer : It creates a new array by applying a function to each element

Question : What is the purpose of the 'typeof' operator in JavaScript?

To check if a variable is defined

To determine the type of a variable

To convert a string to a number

To create a new variable

Correct Answer : To determine the type of a variable

Question : In JavaScript, how do you create a new object using the Object constructor?

var obj = Object.new();

var obj = new Object();

var obj = create Object();

var obj = {}

Correct Answer : var obj = new Object();

Question : What is the purpose of the 'querySelectorAll' method in JavaScript?

Selects the first element that matches a specified CSS selector

Selects all elements that match a specified CSS selector

Removes all elements from the DOM

Adds a new HTML element

Correct Answer : Selects all elements that match a specified CSS selector

Question : Which JavaScript function is used to parse a JSON string?

parseJSON()

stringify()

JSON.parse()

JSON.stringify()

Correct Answer : JSON.parse()

Question : What is the purpose of the 'Object.keys()' method in JavaScript?

Returns an array of an object's enumerable property names

Returns an array of an object's values

Removes all properties from an object

Adds a new property to an object

Correct Answer : Returns an array of an object's enumerable property names

Question : Which statement is used to exit a loop prematurely in JavaScript?

stop

exit

break

end

Correct Answer : break

Question : What is the purpose of the 'Array.isArray()' method in JavaScript?

Checks if an array is empty

Checks if a variable is an array

Adds elements to an array

Concatenates two arrays

Correct Answer : Checks if a variable is an array

Question : Which of the following is not a valid way to declare a function in JavaScript?

function myFunction(){}

const myFunction = function(){}

var myFunction = () => {}

myFunction = function(){}

Correct Answer : myFunction = function(){}

Question : What is the purpose of the 'Array.reduce()' method in JavaScript?

Adds elements to the end of an array

Removes the first element from an array

Applies a function against an accumulator and each element in the array

Reverses the order of elements in an array

Correct Answer : Applies a function against an accumulator and each element in the array

Operating system interview question

Question : What is the main function of an operating system?

Manage hardware resources

Run applications

Provide a user interface

All of the above

Correct Answer :All of the above

Question : Which of the following is not a main function of the operating system?

Process management

File management

Web browsing

Memory management

Correct Answer :Web browsing

Question : What is the purpose of a file system in an operating system?

Manage system processes

Organize and store data on storage devices

Control network traffic

Allocate CPU resources

Correct Answer :Organize and store data on storage devices

Question : Which scheduling algorithm provides the best average response time for a set of processes?

First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)

Shortest Job Next (SJN)

Round Robin (RR)

Priority Scheduling

Correct Answer :Shortest Job Next (SJN)

Question : What is a deadlock in the context of an operating system?

A process terminates unexpectedly

A process is waiting for a resource held by another process

Two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for the other

A process consumes excessive CPU time

Correct Answer :Two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for the other

Question : Which memory management scheme allows programs to be larger than the physical memory?

Paging

Segmentation

Virtual memory

Cache memory

Correct Answer :Virtual memory

Question : What is the role of the Kernel in an operating system?

Manage user interfaces

Provide security to the system

Act as an intermediary between hardware and software

Execute user applications

Correct Answer :Act as an intermediary between hardware and software

Question : In a multiprogramming environment, what is the primary purpose of the job scheduler?

Manage input/output devices

Allocate CPU to processes

Manage system resources

Execute system commands

Correct Answer :Allocate CPU to processes

Question : What is the purpose of the "swap space" in the context of virtual memory?

Store temporary files

Hold the operating system kernel

Provide additional RAM when physical memory is full

Manage file permissions

Correct Answer :Provide additional RAM when physical memory is full

Question : What is the function of an Interrupt Handler in an operating system?

Manage system calls

Handle errors in the file system

Respond to hardware or software-generated interrupts

Monitor network traffic

Correct Answer :Respond to hardware or software-generated interrupts

Question : What is the purpose of the 'page fault' in virtual memory systems?

A page is removed from the memory

A page is successfully fetched from the disk

A required page is not in memory and must be brought in

The page table is corrupted

Correct Answer :A required page is not in memory and must be brought in

Question : Which of the following is an example of a real-time operating system?

Windows

Linux

Android

QNX

Correct Answer :QNX

Question : What is the purpose of the 'fork' system call in Unix-like operating systems?

Create a new process

Execute a new program

Terminate a process

Synchronize processes

Correct Answer :Create a new process

Question : Which of the following is an example of a preemptive scheduling algorithm?

First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)

Round Robin (RR)

Shortest Job Next (SJN)

Priority Scheduling

Correct Answer :Round Robin (RR)

Question : What is the role of the Secondary Storage in an operating system?

Store temporary data during program execution

Provide fast access to frequently used data

Store data permanently even when the power is off

Manage network connections

Correct Answer :Store data permanently even when the power is off

Question : Which memory management technique is used to overcome external fragmentation?

Paging

Segmentation

Swapping

Fragmentation cannot be overcome

Correct Answer :Paging

Question : What is the purpose of the 'shell' in an operating system?

Manage system resources

Provide a user interface

Handle hardware interrupts

Execute system calls

Correct Answer :Provide a user interface

Question : What is a process in the context of an operating system?

A program in execution

A file system structure

A system call

A hardware component

Correct Answer :A program in execution

Question : Which file system is commonly used in Linux operating systems?

NTFS

FAT32

ext4

HFS+

Correct Answer :ext4

Question : What is the purpose of the 'DMA Controller' in computer systems?

Manage disk space

Facilitate communication between the CPU and I/O devices

Handle memory allocation

Execute arithmetic operations

Correct Answer :Facilitate communication between the CPU and I/O devices

Question : What is the purpose of the 'chroot' command in Unix-like operating systems?

Change root directory for a process

Change system clock

Change user password

Change shell prompt

Correct Answer :Change root directory for a process

Question : Which scheduling algorithm uses a priority value associated with each process for CPU allocation?

First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)

Round Robin (RR)

Priority Scheduling

Shortest Job Next (SJN)

Correct Answer :Priority Scheduling

Question : In the context of memory management, what is thrashing?

Excessive page faults

Rapidly switching between processes

Fragmentation of memory

Allocation of too much swap space

Correct Answer :Excessive page faults

Question : Which of the following is an example of a real-time operating system?

Windows

Linux

Android

VxWorks

Correct Answer :VxWorks

Question : What is the primary purpose of the 'fork' system call in Unix-like operating systems?

Terminate a process

Create a new process

Allocate memory to a process

Change process priority

Correct Answer :Create a new process

Question : Which file system is commonly used in Windows operating systems?

ext4

NTFS

HFS+

FAT32

Correct Answer :NTFS

Question : What is the purpose of the 'nice' command in Unix-like operating systems?

Adjust process priority

Display system information

Rename files

Create symbolic links

Correct Answer :Adjust process priority

Question : What is the role of the 'swap space' in the virtual memory system?

Store temporary files

Hold the operating system kernel

Provide additional RAM when physical memory is full

Manage file permissions

Correct Answer :Provide additional RAM when physical memory is full

Question : Which process scheduling algorithm allows a process to occupy the CPU until it completes execution?

Round Robin (RR)

Priority Scheduling

First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)

Shortest Job Next (SJN)

Correct Answer :First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)

Question : What is a 'Semaphore' in the context of operating systems?

A signaling mechanism for process synchronization

A type of memory allocation

A system clock component

A file system structure

Correct Answer :A signaling mechanism for process synchronization

Question : In the context of file systems, what does RAID stand for?

Random Access In-memory Disk

Redundant Array of Independent Disks

Rapid Access for Input Data

Read And Insert Data

Correct Answer :Redundant Array of Independent Disks

Question : Which process scheduling algorithm aims to reduce the waiting time for processes with higher priority?

Shortest Job Next (SJN)

Priority Scheduling

Round Robin (RR)

Multilevel Queue Scheduling

Correct Answer :Priority Scheduling

Question : What is the purpose of the 'lsblk' command in Linux?

List block devices

List system logs

List running processes

List file attributes

Correct Answer :List block devices

Question : Which scheduling algorithm uses multiple queues with different priorities for CPU allocation?

Round Robin (RR)

Priority Scheduling

Multilevel Queue Scheduling

Shortest Job Next (SJN)

Correct Answer :Multilevel Queue Scheduling

Question : What is the purpose of the 'mount' command in Linux?

Create a new directory

Display disk usage

Attach a filesystem to the directory tree

Change file permissions

Correct Answer :Attach a filesystem to the directory tree

Question : Which process scheduling algorithm employs time slices for each process?

Priority Scheduling

Shortest Job Next (SJN)

Round Robin (RR)

First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)

Correct Answer :Round Robin (RR)

Question : What is the function of the 'swapoff' command in Linux?

Enable swap space

Disable swap space

Display swap space information

Create a swap partition

Correct Answer :Disable swap space

Question : In the context of operating systems, what is a 'context switch'?

Changing the system configuration

Switching between different file systems

Switching between processes

Changing user passwords

Correct Answer :Switching between processes

Question : What is the purpose of the 'chown' command in Unix-like operating systems?

Change file ownership

Change file permissions

Change file content

Change file attributes

Correct Answer :Change file ownership

Question : Which component of the operating system manages the execution of processes?

Kernel

Shell

Scheduler

File System

Correct Answer :Scheduler

Unix command MCQ

Question : What command is used to display the current directory?

pwd

dir

Correct Answer : pwd

Question : Which command is used to create a new directory?

mkdir

touch

newdir

mkd

Correct Answer : mkdir

Question : How do you list files in a long format, including hidden files?

ls -l

ls -a

ls -h

ls -lh

Correct Answer : ls -lh

Question : To navigate to your home directory, which command would you use?

home

cd ~

cd /home

go home

Correct Answer : cd ~

Question : What command is used to remove a file?

delete

erase

del

Correct Answer : rm

Question : Which command is used to display the last 10 lines of a file?

cat

tail

head

Correct Answer : tail

Question : What does the 'chmod +x' command do?

Adds execute permission

Adds read permission

Adds write permission

Removes execute permission

Correct Answer : Adds execute permission

Question : To search for a specific text in a file, which command is used?

find

grep

locate

Correct Answer : grep

Question : Which command is used to copy files or directories in Unix?

copy

duplicate

Correct Answer : cp

Question : To see the contents of a file in real-time as it grows, which command is used?

tail -f

cat -r

more -f

watch

Correct Answer : tail -f

Question : What does the 'ps' command do?

Displays current processes

Pauses a process

Resumes a process

Stops a process

Correct Answer : Displays current processes

Question : Which command is used to find the total disk space used by a directory and its subdirectories?

diskusage

space

Correct Answer : du

Question : What does the command 'echo $SHELL' display?

Prints the system date

Displays the current shell

Echoes the contents of a file

Prints the environment variables

Correct Answer : Displays the current shell

Question : To terminate a process forcefully, which command is used?

kill

terminate

end

stop

Correct Answer : kill

Question : Which command is used to display the manual pages for a command?

info

man

help

manual

Correct Answer : man

Question : What does the 'df' command display?

Disk format

Directory files

Disk free space

Data files

Correct Answer : Disk free space

Question : To move up one directory level, which command is used?

cd ..

cd /

cd up

cd parent

Correct Answer : cd ..

Question : What is the purpose of the 'tar' command in Unix?

Compress files

Copy files

Archive files

Delete files

Correct Answer : Archive files

Question : Which command is used to display the calendar for a specific month?

cal

calendar

datecal

month

Correct Answer : cal

Question : To see the currently logged-in users, which command is used?

users

who

logged

online

Correct Answer : who

Question : What does the command 'mv file1 file2' do?

Copies file1 to file2

Renames file1 to file2

Moves file1 to directory file2

Appends file1 to file2

Correct Answer : Renames file1 to file2

Question : To display the current date and time, which command is used?

time

date

clock

datetime

Correct Answer : date

Question : What is the purpose of the 'history' command in Unix?

Displays system events

Shows recent commands entered

Lists user login history

Views file modification history

Correct Answer : Shows recent commands entered

Question : Which command is used to remove a directory and its contents recursively?

rmdir

delete

rmdir -r

rm -r

Correct Answer : rm -r

Question : To find a file by its name, what command is used?

locate

find

grep

Correct Answer : find

Question : What does the 'chmod 755 file' command do?

Adds execute permission to the owner

Adds read and write permissions to the owner

Sets read, write, and execute permissions for everyone

Removes all permissions

Correct Answer : Sets read, write, and execute permissions for everyone

Question : Which command is used to display the top processes consuming system resources?

top

ps -top

taskmgr

sysstat

Correct Answer : top

Question : To count the number of lines in a file, which command is used?

linecount

wc -l

countlines

lines

Correct Answer : wc -l

Question : What does the 'echo $PATH' command display?

Current working directory

List of environment variables

Print system path

Print user's home directory

Correct Answer : Print system path

Question : Which command is used to compress a file or directory in Unix?

compress

zip

gzip

tar -c

Correct Answer : gzip

Question : To open a text file for editing in the default text editor, which command is used?

open

edit

nano

Correct Answer : open

Question : What does the 'uname' command display?

User information

System name

Current shell

File permissions

Correct Answer : System name

Question : To display the size of a file or directory, which command is used?

size

ls -s

du -h

filesize

Correct Answer : du -h

Question : Which command is used to change the ownership of a file or directory?

own

chown

chmod

usermod

Correct Answer : chown

Question : To create an empty file in Unix, which command is used?

touch

newfile

create

mkfile

Correct Answer : touch

Question : What does the 'cut' command do in Unix?

Deletes files

Cuts text from files

Cuts columns from a file

Copies files to a new location

Correct Answer : Cuts columns from a file

Question : Which command is used to view the contents of a compressed file without extracting it?

view

cat

zcat

read

Correct Answer : zcat

Question : To execute a command in the background, what symbol is used at the end of the command?

Correct Answer : &

Question : What does the 'df -h' command display?

Disk format in human-readable format

Directory files

Disk free space in human-readable format

Data files in human-readable format

Correct Answer : Disk free space in human-readable format

Question : Which command is used to create a symbolic link in Unix?

link

ln -s

symlink

mklink

Correct Answer : ln -s

Question : To view the contents of a file from the end, which command is used?

cat

tail

head

Correct Answer : tail

Question : Which command is used to display the manual pages in a specific section?

man

info

help

whatis

Correct Answer : man

Question : What does the 'grep' command do?

Display disk usage

Search for a pattern in a file

Rename a file

Move a file

Correct Answer : Search for a pattern in a file

Question : To view the system's uptime, which command is used?

uptime

time

sysuptime

systemtime

Correct Answer : uptime

Question : Which command is used to set the password for a user in Unix?

passwd

setpass

password

userpass

Correct Answer : passwd

Question : What does the 'whoami' command display?

Current shell

System name

Current user

User ID

Correct Answer : Current user

Question : To sort the lines of a text file in ascending order, which command is used?

sort

order

arrange

organize

Correct Answer : sort

Question : What is the purpose of the 'env' command in Unix?

Display environment variables

Encrypt files

Evaluate expressions

Edit network settings

Correct Answer : Display environment variables

Question : To check the disk space usage of a file system, which command is used?

space

diskusage

checkdisk

Correct Answer : df

Question : Which command is used to suspend a running process in the foreground?

stop

suspend

ctrl+z

pause

Correct Answer : ctrl+z

Question : What does the 'find' command do in Unix?

Search for files and directories

Display file contents

Rename files

Delete files

Correct Answer : Search for files and directories

Question : Which command is used to display the permissions of a file in symbolic notation?

ls -p

chmod -s

ls -l

chmod -l

Correct Answer : ls -l

Question : To create an archive of a directory, which command is used?

Unix commands

Question: ls

Answer: lists your files

Question: ls -l

Answer: lists your files in 'long format', which contains lots of useful information, e.g. the exact size of the file, who owns the file and who has the right to look at it, and when it was last modified.

Question: ls -a

Answer: lists all files, including the ones whose filenames begin in a dot, which you do not always want to see.

Question: touch

Answer: The ‘$ touch’ command creates a file(not directory) and you can simple add an extension such as .txt after it to make it a Text File.

There are many more options, for example to list files by size, by date, recursively etc.

Question: more filename

Answer: shows the first part of a file, just as much as will fit on one screen. Just hit the space bar to see more or q to quit. You can use /pattern to search for a pattern.

Question: emacs filename

Answer: is an editor that lets you create and edit a file. See the emacs page.

Question: mv filename1 filename2

Answer: moves a file (i.e. gives it a different name, or moves it into a different directory

Question: cp filename1 filename2

Answer: copies a file

Question: rm filename

Answer: removes a file. It is wise to use the option rm -i, which will ask you for confirmation before actually deleting anything. You can make this your default by making an alias in your .cshrc file.

Question: diff filename1 filename2

Answer: compares files, and shows where they differ

Question: wc filename

Answer: tells you how many lines, words, and characters there are in a file

Question: chmod options filename

Answer: lets you change the read, write, and execute permissions on your files. The default is that only you can look at them and change them, but you may sometimes want to change these permissions. For example, chmod o+r filename will make the file readable for everyone, and chmod o-r filename will make it unreadable for others again. Note that for someone to be able to actually look at the file the directories it is in need to be at least executable.

1. +w (stands for write and it changes file permissions to write)

2. +r (stands for read and it changes file permissions to read)

3. +x (generally it is used to make a file executable)

e.g. - $ chmod +w file.txt

$ chmod +r file.txt

$ chmod +x file.txt

Question: $ sort file

Answer: As the name suggests the ‘$ sort’ sorts the contents of the file according to the ASCII rules.

Question: $ history

Answer: The ‘$ history’ command is used to get list of previous commands may be obtained by executing the following command. you can also use parameters like !n to re-execute the nth command, !! to executes the most recent command, and !cp this will execute the most recent command that starts with cp.

Question: gzip filename

Answer: compresses files, so that they take up much less space. Usually text files compress to about half their original size, but it depends very much on the size of the file and the nature of the contents. There are other tools for this purpose, too (e.g. compress), but gzip usually gives the highest compression rate. Gzip produces files with the ending '.gz' appended to the original filename.

Question: gunzip filename

Answer: uncompresses files compressed by gzip.

Question: gzcat filename

Answer: lets you look at a gzipped file without actually having to gunzip it (same as gunzip -c).

Question: lpr filename

Answer: print. Use the -P option to specify the printer name if you want to use a printer other than your default printer. For example, if you want to print double-sided, use 'lpr -Pvalkyr-d', or if you're at CSLI, you may want to use 'lpr -Pcord115-d'. See 'help printers' for more information about printers and their locations.

Question: lpq

Answer: check out the printer queue, e.g. to get the number needed for removal, or to see how many other files will be printed before yours will come out

Question: lprm jobnumber

Answer: remove something from the printer queue. You can find the job number by using lpq. Theoretically you also have to specify a printer name, but this isn't necessary as long as you use your default printer in the department.

Question: genscript

Answer: converts plain text files into postscript for printing, and gives you some options for formatting. Consider making an alias like alias ecop 'genscript -2 -r \!* | lpr -h -Pvalkyr' to print two pages on one piece of paper.

Question: dvips filename

Answer: print .dvi files (i.e. files produced by LaTeX). You can use dviselect to print only selected pages. See the LaTeX page for more information about how to save paper when printing drafts.

Question: mkdir dirname

Answer: make a new directory

Question: rmdir

Answer: The ‘$ rmdir’ command deletes any directory we want to delete and you can remember it by its names ‘rmdir’ which stands for ‘remove directory’.

Question: cd dirname

Answer: change directory. You basically 'go' to another directory, and you will see the files in that directory when you do 'ls'. You always start out in your 'home directory', and you can get back there by typing 'cd' without arguments. 'cd ..' will get you one level up from your current position. You don't have to walk along step by step - you can make big leaps or avoid walking around by specifying pathnames.

Question: pwd

Answer: tells you where you currently are.

Question: ff

Answer: find files anywhere on the system. This can be extremely useful if you've forgotten in which directory you put a file, but do remember the name. In fact, if you use ff -p you don't even need the full name, just the beginning. This can also be useful for finding other things on the system, e.g. documentation.

Question: grep string filename(s)

Answer: looks for the string in the files. This can be useful a lot of purposes, e.g. finding the right file among many, figuring out which is the right version of something, and even doing serious corpus work. grep comes in several varieties (grep, egrep, and fgrep) and has a lot of very flexible options.

Question: who

Answer: tells you who's logged on, and where they're coming from. Useful if you're looking for someone who's actually physically in the same building as you, or in some other particular location.

Question: finger username

Answer: gives you lots of information about that user, e.g. when they last read their mail and whether they're logged in. Often people put other practical information, such as phone numbers and addresses, in a file called .plan. This information is also displayed by 'finger'.

Question: last -1 username

Answer: tells you when the user last logged on and off and from where. Without any options, last will give you a list of everyone's logins.

Question: talk username

Answer: lets you have a (typed) conversation with another user

Question: write username

Answer: lets you exchange one-line messages with another user

Question: elm

Answer: lets you send e-mail messages to people around the world (and, of course, read them). It's not the only mailer you can use, but the one we recommend. See the elm page, and find out about the departmental mailing lists (which you can also find in /user/linguistics/helpfile).

Question: whoami

Answer: returns your username. Sounds useless, but isn't. You may need to find out who it is who forgot to log out somewhere, and make sure *you* have logged out.

Question: date

Answer: shows the current date and time.

Question: cal

Answer: shows a calendar of the current month.

Question: man commandname

Answer: shows you the manual page for the command

Question: echo $VARIABLE

Answer: shows the value of an environment variable

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