WebdriverIO MCQ

Question : Which command is used to maximize the browser window in WebdriverIO?

browser.maximizeWindow()

browser.maximize()

browser.windowMaximize()

browser.window().maximize()

Correct Answer : browser.maximizeWindow()

Question : How can you select an element by its attribute value in WebdriverIO?

$('attribute=value')

$('*[attribute=value]')

$('element[attribute=value]')

browser.getAttribute('element', 'attribute=value')

Correct Answer : $('element[attribute=value]')

Question : Which command is used to simulate keyboard input in WebdriverIO?

browser.keys()

browser.type()

browser.keyboard()

browser.sendKeys()

Correct Answer : browser.keys()

Question : How can you check if an element is displayed on the page in WebdriverIO?

element.isDisplayed()

element.isVisible()

element.displayed()

element.visible()

Correct Answer : element.isDisplayed()

Question : Which hook in WebdriverIO is executed after all the specs are done?

afterTest()

onComplete()

after()

afterAll()

Correct Answer : onComplete()

Question : What command is used to switch to a different frame in WebdriverIO?

switchToFrame()

frame()

switchFrame()

selectFrame()

Correct Answer : switchToFrame()

Question : How can you retrieve the URL of the current page in WebdriverIO?

browser.currentUrl()

browser.getUrl()

browser.getCurrentUrl()

browser.url()

Correct Answer : browser.getUrl()

Question : Which assertion library is commonly used with WebdriverIO?

Chai

Mocha

Jasmine

Jest

Correct Answer : Chai

Question : How do you execute a command asynchronously in WebdriverIO?

Using await

Using async

Using then()

Using async/await

Correct Answer : Using async/await

Question : What command is used to accept an alert in WebdriverIO?

alert.accept()

browser.alertAccept()

browser.acceptAlert()

browser.dismissAlert()

Correct Answer : browser.acceptAlert()

Question : Which command is used to save a screenshot in WebdriverIO?

browser.captureScreenshot()

browser.takeScreenshot()

browser.saveScreenshot()

browser.screenshot()

Correct Answer : browser.saveScreenshot()

Question : How do you pause the execution of a test in WebdriverIO?

browser.pause()

browser.wait()

browser.sleep()

browser.hold()

Correct Answer : browser.pause()

Question : Which command is used to execute JavaScript code in WebdriverIO?

browser.executeScript()

browser.runScript()

browser.executeJavaScript()

browser.evalScript()

Correct Answer : browser.executeScript()

Question : How do you set a cookie in WebdriverIO?

browser.setCookies()

browser.cookie()

browser.addCookie()

browser.setCookieValue()

Correct Answer : browser.setCookies()

Question : Which command is used to simulate mouse actions in WebdriverIO?

browser.mouse()

browser.performMouseAction()

browser.action()

browser.simulateMouse()

Correct Answer : browser.action()

Question : How can you wait for an element to be clickable in WebdriverIO?

waitForClickable()

waitUntilClickable()

waitForElementClickable()

waitClickable()

Correct Answer : waitForClickable()

Question : What command is used to scroll to an element in WebdriverIO?

scrollTo()

element.scrollIntoView()

browser.scroll()

browser.scrollToElement()

Correct Answer : element.scrollIntoView()

Question : How can you perform a drag-and-drop operation in WebdriverIO?

Using browser.dragAndDrop()

Using dragAndDrop()

Using dragAndDropBy()

Using browser.dragAndDropElement()

Correct Answer : Using dragAndDrop()

Question : Which command is used to close the current browser window in WebdriverIO?

browser.close()

browser.closeWindow()

browser.quit()

browser.exit()

Correct Answer : browser.close()

Question : How can you wait for a specific condition to be true in WebdriverIO?

Using browser.waitForCondition()

Using browser.waitUntil()

Using browser.waitFor()

Using browser.waitCondition()

Correct Answer : Using browser.waitUntil()

Question : Which command is used to open a new browser window in WebdriverIO?

browser.openWindow()

browser.newWindow()

browser.window.open()

browser.newTab()

Correct Answer : browser.newWindow()

Question : How do you get the text content of an element in WebdriverIO?

element.getText()

element.textContent()

element.text()

element.getTextContent()

Correct Answer : element.getText()

Question : Which command is used to clear the value of an input field in WebdriverIO?

element.clear()

element.clearValue()

element.value.clear()

element.delete()

Correct Answer : element.clearValue()

Question : How can you switch to a different window handle in WebdriverIO?

browser.switchToWindow()

browser.switchTo().window()

browser.window.switchTo()

browser.window().switchTo()

Correct Answer : browser.switchToWindow()

Question : What command is used to get the title of the current page in WebdriverIO?

browser.title()

browser.getTitle()

browser.getCurrentTitle()

browser.pageTitle()

Correct Answer : browser.getTitle()

Question : How do you perform a mouse hover action in WebdriverIO?

browser.moveTo({ xOffset, yOffset })

element.hover(element)

element.moveTo({ xOffset, yOffset })

element.mouseHover(element)

Correct Answer : element.moveTo({ xOffset, yOffset })

Question : How can you get the value of an attribute of an element in WebdriverIO?

element.getAttribute("attributeName")

element.attribute("attributeName")

element.getAttribute()

element.get("getAttribute")

Correct Answer : element.getAttribute("attributeName")

Question : How can you perform a double-click action in WebdriverIO?

element.doubleClick()

browser.doubleClick(element)

browser.doubleClickElement(element)

element.doubleClick().perform()

Correct Answer : element.doubleClick()

Question : Which command is used to switch to the parent frame in WebdriverIO?

browser.switchToParentFrame()

browser.switchTo().parentFrame()

browser.parentFrame()

browser.switchToParent()

Correct Answer : browser.switchToParentFrame()

Question : How do you navigate to a URL in WebdriverIO?

browser.goto()

browser.navigateTo()

browser.url()

browser.navigate()

Correct Answer : browser.url()

Question : What command is used to check if an element is enabled in WebdriverIO?

element.isEnabled()

element.isDisabled()

element.enable()

element.disable()

Correct Answer : element.isEnabled()

Question : Which command is used to retrieve the value of a CSS property of an element in WebdriverIO?

element.getCSSProperty("cssProperty")

element.cssProperty("cssProperty")

element.getStyleProperty("cssProperty")

element.getCSS()

Correct Answer : element.getCSSProperty("cssProperty")

Question : How do you simulate pressing the Enter key in WebdriverIO?

browser.keys('Enter')

browser.keys(['Enter'])

browser.enter()

browser.sendKeys('Enter')

Correct Answer : browser.keys(['Enter'])

Question : Which command is used to switch to a different tab in WebdriverIO?

browser.switchToTab()

browser.switchTo().tab()

browser.switchWindow(matcher)

browser.switchToTab()

Correct Answer : browser.switchWindow(matcher)

Question : What command is used to refresh the current page in WebdriverIO?

browser.refresh()

browser.reload()

browser.pageRefresh()

browser.pageReload()

Correct Answer : browser.refresh()

Question : How can you execute a command at the end of each test suite in WebdriverIO?

Using afterSuite()

Using onComplete()

Using after()

Using afterAll()

Correct Answer : Using afterSuite()

Question : How do you simulate pressing the Tab key in WebdriverIO?

browser.pressTab()

browser.keys(['Tab'])

browser.tab()

browser.sendKeys('Tab')

Correct Answer : browser.keys(['Tab'])

Question : Which command is used to retrieve the size of an element in WebdriverIO?

element.getSize()

element.size()

element.dimension()

element.getDimension()

Correct Answer : element.getSize()

Question : What command is used to set the window size in WebdriverIO?

browser.setWindowSize()

browser.resizeWindow()

browser.window.setSize()

browser.window.resize()

Correct Answer : browser.setWindowSize()

Question : How do you wait for an element to be present in WebdriverIO?

element.waitForExist()

element.waitForPresent()

element.waitForElement()

element.waitUntilPresent()

Correct Answer : element.waitForExist()

Question : How can you retrieve the value of a cookie in WebdriverIO?

browser.getCookie()

browser.cookie()

browser.getCookieValue()

browser.cookieValue()

Correct Answer : browser.getCookie()

Question : What command is used to wait for an element to be visible in WebdriverIO?

element.waitForVisible()

element.isVisible()

element.waitUntilVisible()

element.waitForDisplayed()

Correct Answer : element.waitForDisplayed()

Question : Which command is used to retrieve the tag name of an element in WebdriverIO?

element.getTagName()

element.tagName()

element.tag()

element.getName()

Correct Answer : element.getTagName()

WebdriverIO questions

Question: What is WebDriverIO?
Answer: WebDriverIO is a Node.js library that provides a WebDriver API implementation for web automation. It allows you to automate interactions with web browsers using JavaScript.

Question: How do you install WebDriverIO?
Answer: You can install WebDriverIO using npm (Node Package Manager) by running npm init wdio.

Question: Explain the difference between synchronous and asynchronous execution in WebDriverIO.
Answer: In synchronous execution, commands are executed sequentially, one after the other. In asynchronous execution, commands are executed concurrently, allowing for non-blocking execution of tasks.

Question: How do you handle alerts and pop-ups in WebDriverIO?

Answer: We can user below codes to handle alerts.

accepts a simple dialog

await browser.acceptAlert()

//dismisses a simple dialog

await browser.dismissAlert()

//returns the message of the current user prompt

await browser.getAlertText()

//sets the text field of a window.prompt

await browser.sendAlertText("value")

//Whether a simple dialog is currently open.

await browser.isAlertOpen()

Question: What is the purpose of a WebDriverIO configuration file (wdio.conf.js)?
Answer: The wdio.conf.js file is used to configure WebDriverIO settings such as browser capabilities, test framework, reporter options, etc.

Question: How do you launch a browser in WebDriverIO?
Answer: You can launch a browser in WebDriverIO by configuring the wdio.conf.js file with the desired browser capabilities.

example :

capabilities: [{

        browserName: 'chrome'

    }],

Question: Explain the concept of page objects in WebDriverIO.
Answer: Page objects are design patterns used to represent web pages as objects in WebDriverIO tests. They encapsulate the interaction with the elements on a web page, making tests more maintainable and readable.

Question: How do you locate elements using WebDriverIO?
Answer: You can locate elements using various selectors such as CSS selector, XPath, ID, class name, tag name, etc., using the $ and $$ functions.

$ - It is used to fetch single elements from the page.

const elements= $('*=driver')

$$ - It is used to fetch multiple elements from the page. it returns ChainablePromiseArray containing a set of WebdriverIO elements.

const elements= $$('*=driver')

Question: What are the different types of selectors supported in WebDriverIO?
Answer: Supported selectors include CSS selector, XPath, ID, class name, tag name, name, link text, and partial link text selectors.

Examples:-

$('button[type="submit"]')

//ID

$('#username')

//Name

$('[name="username"]')

//Link Text

$('=WebdriverIO')

//Partial Link Text

$('*=driver')

//Tag Name

$('<my-element />')

//xPath

$('//div[@class="banners"]/h1')

//CSS Query Selector

$('nav a.navbar__brand')

Question: How do you handle asynchronous tasks in WebDriverIO?
Answer: Asynchronous tasks in WebDriverIO can be handled using promises, async/await, or WebDriverIO's built-in asynchronous methods.

Question: What is the purpose of the browser object in WebDriverIO?
Answer: The browser object in WebDriverIO represents the current browser session and is used to interact with the browser and perform actions such as navigating to URLs, executing JavaScript, etc.

Question: How do you perform action in WebDriverIO?
Answer: The action command is a low-level interface for providing virtualized device input actions to the web browser.

In addition to high level commands such like scrollIntoView, doubleClick, the Actions API provides granular control over exactly what designated input devices can do.

a key input for keyboard devices

a pointer input for a mouse, pen or touch devices

and wheel inputs for scroll wheel devices

    browser.action('key')

        .down('f')

        .down('o')

        .down('o')

        .up('f')

        .up('o')

        .up('o')

        .perform()

        console.log(await elem.getValue()) // returns "foo"

        // copy value out of input element

    await browser.action('key')

    .down(Key.Ctrl).down('c')

    .pause(10)

    .up(Key.Ctrl).up('c')

    .perform() 

    await browser.action('wheel').scroll({

        deltaX: 0,

        deltaY: 500,

        duration: 200

    }).perform()

    console.log(await browser.execute(() => window.scrollY)) // returns 500

  browser.action('pointer')

    .move({ duration: 0, origin, x: 0, y: 0 })

    .down({ button: 0 }) // left button

    .pause(10)

    .move({ duration: 0, origin: targetOrigin })

    .up({ button: 0 })

    .perform()

Question: actions in WebDriverIO?
Answer: Allows to run multiple action interaction at once, e.g. to simulate a pinch zoom. 

    browser.actions([

        browser.action('pointer')

            .move(500, 500)

            .down()

            .move(250, 250)

            .up(),

        browser.action('pointer')

            .move(500, 500)

            .down()

            .move(750, 750)

            .up()

    ])

Question: Explain the concept of  waits in WebDriverIO.
Answer: //Session Page Load Timeout

A session has an associated session page load timeout that specifies a time to wait for the page loading to complete. Unless stated otherwise, it is 300,000 milliseconds.

await browser.setTimeout({ 'pageLoad': 10000 })

//Session Implicit Wait Timeout

A session has an associated session implicit wait timeout. This specifies the time to wait for the implicit element location strategy when locating elements using the findElement or findElements commands ($ or $$, respectively, when running WebdriverIO with or without the WDIO testrunner). Unless stated otherwise, it is 0 milliseconds.

await browser.setTimeout({ 'implicit': 5000 })

//WaitFor* timeout

WebdriverIO provides multiple commands to wait on elements to reach a certain state (e.g. enabled, visible, existing). These commands take a selector argument and a timeout number, which determines how long the instance should wait for that element to reach the state. The waitforTimeout option allows you to set the global timeout for all waitFor* commands, so you don't need to set the same timeout over and over again.

await element.waitForDisplayed()

await element.waitForDisplayed({ timeout: 10000 })

Question: What is the purpose of the waitUntil method in WebDriverIO?
Answer: The waitUntil method is used to wait until a specified condition is met before proceeding with the execution of the test.

$(selector).waitUntil(condition, { timeout, timeoutMsg, interval })

default timeout is 5000ms

Question: How do you perform assertions in WebDriverIO?
Answer: Assertions can be performed using assertion libraries like chai or using WebDriverIO's built-in assertion methods like expect, should, or assert.

toHaveText: Verifies that an element has the expected text content.

expect($('#elementId')).toHaveText('Expected Text');

toBeDisplayed: Verifies that an element is displayed on the page.

expect($('#elementId')).toBeDisplayed();

toBeClickable: Verifies that an element is clickable.

expect($('#elementId')).toBeClickable();

toHaveAttribute: Verifies that an element has a specific attribute with the expected value.

expect($('#elementId')).toHaveAttribute('attributeName', 'expectedValue');

toHaveUrl: Verifies that the current URL matches the expected URL.

expect(browser).toHaveUrl('https://example.com');

toHaveTitle: Verifies that the current page title matches the expected title.

expect(browser).toHaveTitle('Expected Title');

toBeExisting: Verifies that an element exists in the DOM.

expect($('#elementId')).toBeExisting();

Question: What is the purpose of the browser.url method in WebDriverIO?
Answer: The browser.url method is used to navigate to a specified URL in the current browser session.

Question: How do you execute JavaScript code in WebDriverIO?
Answer: JavaScript code can be executed using WebDriverIO's executeScript or executeAsync methods.

Question: How do you run tests in parallel using WebDriverIO?
Answer: Tests can be run in parallel using WebDriverIO's built-in parallel execution capabilities by configuring the maxInstances option in the wdio.conf.js file.


Question: How do you handle dynamic elements in WebDriverIO?
Answer: Dynamic elements in WebDriverIO can be handled using explicit waits or by waiting for specific conditions to be met before interacting with the elements.

Question: Explain the concept of data-driven testing in WebDriverIO.
Answer: Data-driven testing in WebDriverIO involves executing the same test scenario with multiple sets of test data to validate different application behaviors.

Question: How do you manage test suites and test cases in WebDriverIO?
Answer: Test suites and test cases can be managed in WebDriverIO by organizing them into separate files and directories and using test runner configurations to specify which tests to execute.

Question: What are hooks in WebDriverIO, and how do you use them?
Answer: Hooks in WebDriverIO are special functions that allow you to run setup and teardown code before and after test suites or individual test cases. They can be used to perform actions like setting up test data, opening a browser session, etc.


Question: How do you handle browser sessions in WebDriverIO?
Answer: Browser sessions in WebDriverIO can be managed using the browser object, which allows you to open, close, switch between browser windows, and perform other browser-related actions.

Question: What is the purpose of the execute and executeAsync methods in WebDriverIO?
Answer: The execute method in WebDriverIO is used to execute synchronous JavaScript code in the context of the currently selected frame or window, while executeAsync is used to execute asynchronous JavaScript code.

Question: How do you perform cross-browser testing in WebDriverIO?
Answer: Cross-browser testing in WebDriverIO involves configuring the capabilities option in the wdio.conf.js file to specify the desired browser environments and running the tests using the WebDriverIO test runner.

Question: What is the purpose of the browser.waitUntil method in WebDriverIO?
Answer: The browser.waitUntil method in WebDriverIO is used to wait until a specified condition is met before proceeding with the test execution.


Question: What are the advantages of using WebDriverIO over other automation frameworks?
Answer: WebDriverIO offers a rich set of features, excellent community support, seamless integration with other tools and frameworks, and a simple and easy-to-use API, making it a preferred choice for web automation testing.

Question: How do you capture screenshots and videos during test execution in WebDriverIO?
Answer: Screenshots and videos can be captured during test execution in WebDriverIO using the built-in capabilities provided by WebDriverIO or by using third-party plugins and integrations.


Question: How do you handle file uploads in WebDriverIO?
Answer: File uploads in WebDriverIO can be handled using the setValue method to set the file path for the file input element, or by using third-party libraries or plugins for more complex scenarios.

Question: Explain the concept of test data management in WebDriverIO.
Answer: Test data management in WebDriverIO involves managing and organizing test data effectively, including storing, retrieving, and using test data in tests and test suites.

Question: What are some best practices for writing efficient and maintainable WebDriverIO tests?
Answer: Some best practices for writing WebDriverIO tests include using page objects, implementing proper synchronization, organizing tests into logical test suites, using descriptive test names, and handling test data effectively.

Question: Explain how WebDriverIO handles parallel execution of tests.
Answer: WebDriverIO supports parallel execution of tests by utilizing the maxInstances option in the wdio.conf.js configuration file. This option specifies the maximum number of instances of the WebDriverIO client (browser sessions) that can run in parallel. Each test suite or spec file can be assigned to run on a specific instance, enabling parallel execution across multiple browser instances simultaneously.

Question: How do you implement retries for failed tests in WebDriverIO?
Answer: Retries for failed tests can be implemented in WebDriverIO by using the retry option in the wdio.conf.js configuration file. This option allows you to specify the number of retries for each test that fails, providing robustness in test execution and improving test reliability.

Question: Explain the concept of WebDriverIO's Testrunner.
Answer: WebDriverIO's Testrunner is a command-line interface (CLI) tool that is used to run WebDriverIO tests. It provides various features such as parallel execution, test reporting, test suite organization, and configuration management through the wdio.conf.js configuration file.

Question: How do you handle authentication pop-ups in WebDriverIO?
Answer: Authentication pop-ups can be handled in WebDriverIO by using browser-level commands such as switchToFrame to switch to the pop-up window and sendKeys to enter credentials. Additionally, you can use browser capabilities such as credentials to pass authentication credentials directly in the browser's capabilities.

Question: Explain the purpose and usage of custom commands in WebDriverIO.
Answer: Custom commands in WebDriverIO are user-defined functions that extend the capabilities of the browser and element objects. They are defined using the browser.addCommand and element.addCommand methods and can be used to encapsulate complex logic or repetitive tasks, improving code maintainability and readability.

The browser.addCommand method in WebDriverIO is used to extend the capabilities of the browser object by adding custom commands or methods.

Example : Add a new command that returns the current URL and title as one result.

browser.addCommand('getUrlAndTitle', async function (customVar) {

    // `this` refers to the `browser` scope

    return {

        url: await this.getUrl(),

        title: await this.getTitle(),

        customVar: customVar

    }

})

Question: How do you handle iframes in WebDriverIO?
Answer: Iframes in WebDriverIO can be handled using the switchToFrame method to switch to the iframe context before interacting with elements inside it. You can switch to an iframe by index, name, or ID, perform actions on elements inside the iframe, and switch back to the default content using switchToParentFrame.

Question: Explain the concept of browser capabilities in WebDriverIO.
Answer: Browser capabilities in WebDriverIO are key-value pairs that define the desired behavior and configuration of the browser session. They are specified in the capabilities option of the wdio.conf.js configuration file and include settings such as browser name, version, platform, and other specific configurations.

Question: How do you handle file downloads in WebDriverIO?
Answer: File downloads in WebDriverIO can be handled using browser-specific capabilities such as prefs for Chrome or profile for Firefox to configure download settings. Additionally, you can use WebDriverIO's execute method to execute JavaScript code to handle file download dialogs and manage downloaded files using file system operations.

Question: Explain the usage of the executeAsync method in WebDriverIO.
Answer: The executeAsync method in WebDriverIO is used to execute asynchronous JavaScript code in the context of the current browser session. It is commonly used to perform asynchronous operations such as waiting for elements or executing asynchronous tasks that cannot be handled synchronously.

Question: How do you handle dynamic content or elements that are loaded asynchronously in WebDriverIO?
Answer: Dynamic content or elements that are loaded asynchronously in WebDriverIO can be handled using explicit waits or by waiting for specific conditions to be met before interacting with the elements. WebDriverIO provides methods such as waitForDisplayed, waitForExist, and waitUntil to wait for elements to be present, visible, or meet specific conditions before proceeding with the test execution.

Question: Explain the concept of test configuration management in WebDriverIO.
Answer: Test configuration management in WebDriverIO involves managing test configuration settings such as browser capabilities, test data, environment configurations, and other settings in a centralized configuration file (wdio.conf.js). It allows for easy configuration and customization of test execution behavior across different environments and scenarios.

Question: How do you handle multi-window or multi-tab scenarios in WebDriverIO?
Answer: Multi-window or multi-tab scenarios in WebDriverIO can be handled using WebDriverIO's switchToWindow method to switch between different browser windows or tabs. You can switch to a specific window or tab by window handle, index, or title, perform actions on elements within the window or tab, and switch back to the default window or tab using switchToParentWindow.

Question: Explain how to implement logging and reporting in WebDriverIO.
Answer: Logging and reporting in WebDriverIO can be implemented using various plugins and reporters such as wdio-spec-reporter, wdio-html-reporter, or custom reporters. These plugins provide capabilities for logging test execution details, generating detailed test reports with screenshots, and integrating with continuous integration (CI) tools for reporting test results.

Question: How do you handle browser-specific behaviors or settings in WebDriverIO?
Answer: Browser-specific behaviors or settings in WebDriverIO can be handled using browser capabilities and options specific to each browser. WebDriverIO provides a wide range of browser capabilities and options that can be configured in the capabilities section of the wdio.conf.js configuration file to customize the behavior of the browser session.

Question: Explain the concept of browser automation using WebDriverIO.
Answer: Browser automation using WebDriverIO involves automating interactions with web browsers to simulate user actions such as clicking buttons, entering text, navigating between pages, and validating page content. WebDriverIO provides a rich set of APIs and commands for interacting with browsers and performing various actions to automate web testing and validation.

Question: How do you handle browser cookies and local storage in WebDriverIO?
Answer: Browser cookies and local storage in WebDriverIO can be handled using browser-specific commands such as getCookies, setCookies, clearCookies, getLocalStorage, setLocalStorage, and clearLocalStorage provided by WebDriverIO to manage cookies and local storage data in the browser session.

Question: Explain the purpose and usage of the executeScript method in WebDriverIO.
Answer: The executeScript method in WebDriverIO is used to execute synchronous JavaScript code in the context of the current browser session. It is commonly used to perform JavaScript-based operations such as manipulating DOM elements, retrieving data, or executing custom scripts within the browser environment.

Question: How do you handle cross-origin requests or interactions in WebDriverIO?
Answer: Cross-origin requests or interactions in WebDriverIO can be handled using browser-specific capabilities and options such as --disable-web-security for Chrome or --disable-site-isolation-trials for Firefox to disable web security features and allow cross-origin requests or interactions during test execution.

Question: Explain how to implement data-driven testing using external data sources in WebDriverIO.
Answer: Data-driven testing using external data sources in WebDriverIO involves loading test data from external sources such as JSON files, CSV files, Excel spreadsheets, or databases and using that data to drive test execution. WebDriverIO provides APIs and methods for reading data from external sources and passing it to test cases for parameterization and data-driven testing.

Question: How do you handle network requests and responses in WebDriverIO for API testing?
Answer: Network requests and responses in WebDriverIO for API testing can be handled using third-party libraries such as axios, request, or WebDriverIO's built-in request module to send HTTP requests, capture responses, and perform assertions on API responses. Additionally, you can use browser automation techniques to simulate API interactions using browser sessions and analyze network traffic using browser developer tools or proxy servers.

SQL MCQ

Question : Which SQL statement is used to retrieve data from a database?

SELECT

INSERT

UPDATE

DELETE

Correct Answer : SELECT

Question : What SQL keyword is used to specify the name of a database in SQL queries?

FROM

INTO

DATABASE

USE

Correct Answer : USE

Question : Which SQL keyword is used to filter records based on a condition?

WHERE

HAVING

FILTER

GROUP BY

Correct Answer : WHERE

Question : In SQL, which data type is used to store text of variable length?

INT

VARCHAR

CHAR

TEXT

Correct Answer : VARCHAR

Question : What SQL keyword is used to sort the result set in ascending order?

ASC

SORT

ORDER BY

ASCENDING

Correct Answer : ASC

Question : In SQL, what function is used to count the number of rows in a table?

COUNT

SUM

AVG

MAX

Correct Answer : COUNT

Question : Which SQL statement is used to add new rows to a table?

CREATE

INSERT

ALTER

ADD

Correct Answer : INSERT

Question : What does SQL stand for?

Structured Query Language

Standardized Query Language

Sequential Query Language

Secondary Query Language

Correct Answer : Structured Query Language

Question : Which SQL operator is used to check if a value is within a range?

LIKE

BETWEEN

IN

EXISTS

Correct Answer : BETWEEN

Question : In SQL, which keyword is used to delete a table?

REMOVE

DROP

DELETE

ERASE

Correct Answer : DROP

Question : What SQL keyword is used to remove duplicates from a result set?

DISTINCT

UNIQUE

DISTINCTROW

NO DUPLICATES

Correct Answer : DISTINCT

Question : Which SQL function is used to find the highest value in a column?

MAX

MIN

TOP

HIGH

Correct Answer : MAX

Question : In SQL, which command is used to change the structure of a table?

ALTER TABLE

MODIFY TABLE

CHANGE TABLE

ADJUST TABLE

Correct Answer : ALTER TABLE

Question : What SQL clause is used to group rows that have the same values into summary rows?

WHERE

GROUP BY

HAVING

GROUP WITH

Correct Answer : GROUP BY

Question : In SQL, what function is used to get the current system date and time?

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP

GETDATE

NOW

SYSDATE

Correct Answer : CURRENT_TIMESTAMP

Question : Which SQL command is used to change data in a database?

ALTER

MODIFY

CHANGE

UPDATE

Correct Answer : UPDATE

Question : What SQL keyword is used to create a table?

DEFINE

DECLARE

CREATE

MAKE

Correct Answer : CREATE

Question : In SQL, which command is used to change the name of a table?

RENAME TABLE

CHANGE TABLE

MODIFY TABLE

ALTER TABLE

Correct Answer : ALTER TABLE

Question : What SQL keyword is used to combine the result set of two or more SELECT statements?

UNION

JOIN

MERGE

CONCATENATE

Correct Answer : UNION

Question : In SQL, what keyword is used to specify the type of join to be performed?

TO

BY

WITH

ON

Correct Answer : ON

Question : What type of SQL join returns all rows when there is a match in one of the tables being joined?

INNER JOIN

LEFT JOIN

RIGHT JOIN

FULL OUTER JOIN

Correct Answer : INNER JOIN

Question : Which SQL join returns all rows from the left table and the matching rows from the right table, with unmatched rows in the right table having NULL values?

INNER JOIN

LEFT JOIN

RIGHT JOIN

FULL OUTER JOIN

Correct Answer : LEFT JOIN

Question : In SQL, which join returns all rows from both tables, joining records where available and putting NULLs where the data is missing?

INNER JOIN

LEFT JOIN

RIGHT JOIN

FULL OUTER JOIN

Correct Answer : FULL OUTER JOIN

Question : What SQL join returns all rows from the right table and the matching rows from the left table, with unmatched rows in the left table having NULL values?

INNER JOIN

LEFT JOIN

RIGHT JOIN

FULL OUTER JOIN

Correct Answer : RIGHT JOIN

Question : Which type of join in SQL combines the results of both the LEFT JOIN and RIGHT JOIN?

INNER JOIN

LEFT OUTER JOIN

RIGHT OUTER JOIN

FULL OUTER JOIN

Correct Answer : FULL OUTER JOIN

Question : In SQL, what is a view?

A temporary table stored in memory

A virtual table based on the result of a SELECT query

A physical table containing summarized data

A type of index for faster data retrieval

Correct Answer : A virtual table based on the result of a SELECT query

Question : What is the primary purpose of using views in SQL?

To improve database performance

To store frequently used data permanently

To simplify complex queries and provide a layer of abstraction

To enforce data integrity constraints

Correct Answer : To simplify complex queries and provide a layer of abstraction

Question : In SQL, can views be updated directly?

Yes, views can be updated directly

No, views cannot be updated directly

Views can be updated only if they are materialized

Views can be updated, but only with special permissions

Correct Answer : Yes, views can be updated directly

Question : Which SQL statement is used to create a view?

CREATE VIEW

ALTER VIEW

INSERT VIEW

MAKE VIEW

Correct Answer : CREATE VIEW

Question : In SQL, what happens when a view is dropped?

The data in the view is deleted permanently

The view definition is deleted, but the underlying data remains unaffected

The view is disabled but remains in the database

The view is archived for future reference

Correct Answer : The view definition is deleted, but the underlying data remains unaffected

Question : What is the primary purpose of creating indexes in SQL?

To enforce data integrity constraints

To optimize data storage in the database

To improve query performance by facilitating faster data retrieval

To define primary and foreign key relationships

Correct Answer : To improve query performance by facilitating faster data retrieval

Question : In SQL, which type of index enforces uniqueness on a column or a combination of columns?

Clustered index

Non-clustered index

Unique index

Composite index

Correct Answer : Unique index

Question : What is a clustered index in SQL?

An index that stores the data rows in the order of the index key

An index that does not require additional disk space

An index that is created automatically on primary key columns

An index used for sorting data in ascending order

Correct Answer : An index that stores the data rows in the order of the index key

Question : In SQL, what is the disadvantage of having too many indexes on a table?

Increased disk space usage

Slower data retrieval due to index fragmentation

Decreased concurrency in data modification operations

Limited query optimization opportunities

Correct Answer : Increased disk space usage

Question : Which SQL statement is used to create an index?

ADD INDEX

CREATE INDEX

DEFINE INDEX

MAKE INDEX

Correct Answer : CREATE INDEX

Question : Which SQL function is used to return the current database system timestamp?

GETDATE()

NOW()

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP()

SYSDATE()

Correct Answer : CURRENT_TIMESTAMP()

Question : What does the SQL function COUNT() do?

Counts the number of distinct values in a column

Counts the number of NULL values in a column

Counts the number of rows returned by a query

Counts the number of non-NULL values in a column

Correct Answer : Counts the number of rows returned by a query

Question : Which SQL function is used to find the highest value in a column?

MIN()

AVG()

MAX()

SUM()

Correct Answer : MAX()

Question : What does the SQL function AVG() do?

Returns the average value of a numeric column

Returns the median value of a column

Returns the sum of all values in a column

Returns the total count of rows in a table

Correct Answer : Returns the average value of a numeric column

Question : Which SQL function is used to concatenate two or more strings?

CONCAT()

COMBINE()

JOIN()

MERGE()

Correct Answer : CONCAT()

Question : What does the SQL function SUBSTRING() do?

Converts a string to uppercase

Extracts a substring from a string

Converts a string to lowercase

Replaces occurrences of a substring in a string

Correct Answer : Extracts a substring from a string

Question : Which SQL function is used to return the length of a string?

LEN()

LENGTH()

SIZE()

CHAR_LENGTH()

Correct Answer : CHAR_LENGTH()

Question : What does the SQL function UPPER() do?

Converts a string to lowercase

Converts a string to uppercase

Converts a string to title case

Removes leading and trailing spaces from a string

Correct Answer : Converts a string to uppercase

Question : Which SQL function is used to round a numeric value to a specified number of decimal places?

TRUNC()

ROUND()

CEIL()

FLOOR()

Correct Answer : ROUND()

Question : What does the SQL function NOW() do?

Returns the current system date and time

Returns the current system date

Returns the current system time

Returns the current system timestamp

Correct Answer : Returns the current system date and time

Question : Which SQL statement is used to combine the results of two or more SELECT statements?

UNION

JOIN

CONCAT

MERGE

Correct Answer : UNION

Question : What does the SQL GROUP BY clause do?

Groups rows that have the same values into summary rows

Orders the result set in ascending order

Filters rows based on a condition

Joins two or more tables

Correct Answer : Groups rows that have the same values into summary rows

Question : In SQL, which statement is used to remove duplicates from a result set?

UNIQUE

DISTINCT

DIFFERENCE

EXCLUDE DUPLICATES

Correct Answer : DISTINCT

Question : What does the SQL HAVING clause do?

Filters rows based on a condition

Specifies the order of the result set

Groups rows after the WHERE clause

Applies a filter condition to grouped rows

Correct Answer : Applies a filter condition to grouped rows

Question : Which SQL statement is used to modify data in a database?

UPDATE

ALTER

MODIFY

CHANGE

Correct Answer : UPDATE

Question : What is the purpose of the SQL CASE statement?

To create a temporary table

To filter rows based on a condition

To update data in a table

To perform conditional logic in a query

Correct Answer : To perform conditional logic in a query

Question : In SQL, what does the COALESCE function do?

Returns the first non-NULL value in a list of expressions

Returns the last non-NULL value in a list of expressions

Concatenates two or more strings

Returns the number of rows in a result set

Correct Answer : Returns the first non-NULL value in a list of expressions

Question : Which SQL statement is used to add a new column to an existing table?

ADD COLUMN

ALTER TABLE

CREATE COLUMN

MODIFY COLUMN

Correct Answer : ALTER TABLE

Question : What is the purpose of the SQL ROLLUP operator?

To perform a top-down calculation in a hierarchy

To combine the results of two or more SELECT statements

To filter rows based on a condition

To group data in a specified order

Correct Answer : To perform a top-down calculation in a hierarchy

Question : Which SQL statement is used to delete rows from a table based on a condition?

REMOVE

DELETE

DROP

TRUNCATE

Correct Answer : DELETE

Question : What is the purpose of the PRIMARY KEY constraint in SQL?

Ensures that a column can contain unique values and cannot contain NULL values

Defines a default value for a column when no value is specified

Specifies a column or a combination of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a table

Links a column in one table to a column in another table

Correct Answer : Specifies a column or a combination of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a table

Question : In SQL, what is the purpose of the FOREIGN KEY constraint?

Ensures that a column can contain unique values and cannot contain NULL values

Defines a default value for a column when no value is specified

Specifies a column or a combination of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a table

Enforces referential integrity by linking a column in one table to a column in another table

Correct Answer : Enforces referential integrity by linking a column in one table to a column in another table

Question : What is a surrogate key in SQL?

A key that is created by the database management system automatically

A key that is derived from the natural characteristics of the data

A key that is used for encryption purposes

A key that is generated by a user-defined function

Correct Answer : A key that is created by the database management system automatically

Question : In SQL, what is the purpose of the UNIQUE constraint?

Specifies a column or a combination of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a table

Ensures that a column can contain unique values and cannot contain NULL values

Defines a default value for a column when no value is specified

Enforces referential integrity by linking a column in one table to a column in another table

Correct Answer : Ensures that a column can contain unique values and cannot contain NULL values

Question : Which SQL key constraint ensures that a column can contain NULL values but cannot contain duplicate values?

PRIMARY KEY

FOREIGN KEY

UNIQUE

CHECK

Correct Answer : UNIQUE

Question : What is the difference between a primary key and a unique key in SQL?

A primary key can contain NULL values, whereas a unique key cannot.

A primary key is a combination of multiple columns, whereas a unique key is a single column.

A primary key enforces both uniqueness and NOT NULL constraints, whereas a unique key enforces only uniqueness.

There is no difference between a primary key and a unique key.

Correct Answer : A primary key enforces both uniqueness and NOT NULL constraints, whereas a unique key enforces only uniqueness.

Question : What is the purpose of the CHECK constraint in SQL?

Specifies a column or a combination of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a table

Ensures that a column can contain unique values and cannot contain NULL values

Defines a condition that each row must satisfy for the data to be valid

Enforces referential integrity by linking a column in one table to a column in another table

Correct Answer : Defines a condition that each row must satisfy for the data to be valid

Question : Which SQL key constraint allows multiple rows to have NULL values in the specified column?

PRIMARY KEY

FOREIGN KEY

UNIQUE

CHECK

Correct Answer : CHECK

Question : What is the purpose of the INDEX in SQL?

Defines a condition that each row must satisfy for the data to be valid

Specifies a column or a combination of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a table

Enforces referential integrity by linking a column in one table to a column in another table

Improves the performance of SELECT queries by facilitating faster data retrieval

Correct Answer : Improves the performance of SELECT queries by facilitating faster data retrieval

Question : Which SQL key constraint can be used to ensure that a column or combination of columns always contains a value?

PRIMARY KEY

FOREIGN KEY

UNIQUE

NOT NULL

Correct Answer : NOT NULL

Question : Which SQL data type is used to store a fixed-length string?

VARCHAR

TEXT

CHAR

CLOB

Correct Answer : CHAR

Question : What is the maximum length of a VARCHAR data type in SQL?

255 characters

1000 characters

4000 characters

It varies depending on the database system

Correct Answer : It varies depending on the database system

Question : Which SQL data type is used to store large text data?

VARCHAR

TEXT

CLOB

BLOB

Correct Answer : TEXT

Question : In SQL, what is the data type for storing a date and time value?

DATE

TIME

DATETIME

TIMESTAMP

Correct Answer : TIMESTAMP

Question : What is the purpose of the DECIMAL data type in SQL?

To store floating-point numbers with precision and scale

To store large binary objects such as images or documents

To store fixed-point numbers with precision and scale

To store integer values

Correct Answer : To store fixed-point numbers with precision and scale

Question : Which SQL data type is used to store a binary large object?

VARCHAR

BLOB

CLOB

TEXT

Correct Answer : BLOB

Question : What is the difference between the CHAR and VARCHAR data types in SQL?

CHAR stores fixed-length strings, while VARCHAR stores variable-length strings.

CHAR is case-sensitive, while VARCHAR is case-insensitive.

CHAR is for numeric data, while VARCHAR is for text data.

CHAR has a maximum length, while VARCHAR does not.

Correct Answer : CHAR stores fixed-length strings, while VARCHAR stores variable-length strings.

NoSQL Questions

 Question: What is NoSQL and how does it differ from traditional SQL databases?

Answer: NoSQL stands for "Not Only SQL" and represents a broad category of database management systems that don't adhere to the traditional relational database model of SQL. NoSQL databases are typically designed to handle large volumes of unstructured or semi-structured data, provide horizontal scalability, and offer flexible schema designs. Unlike SQL databases, they may not support ACID transactions and relational joins.

Question: Explain the CAP theorem and how it relates to NoSQL databases.

Answer: The CAP theorem states that a distributed system cannot simultaneously provide all three guarantees of Consistency, Availability, and Partition Tolerance. NoSQL databases are often designed with a focus on either consistency and partition tolerance (CP systems) or availability and partition tolerance (AP systems), sacrificing one of the guarantees under network partitions.

Question: What are the different types of NoSQL databases and when would you use each type?

Answer: NoSQL databases can be categorized into four main types: document-oriented, column-family, key-value, and graph databases. Document-oriented databases like MongoDB are suitable for storing semi-structured data with flexible schemas. Column-family databases like Apache Cassandra excel at handling large volumes of data with high throughput. Key-value stores like Redis are ideal for caching and real-time data processing. Graph databases like Neo4j are designed for modeling and querying highly interconnected data.

Question: How does eventual consistency work in distributed systems, and what are its implications?

Answer: Eventual consistency is a consistency model where all updates to a distributed system eventually propagate and all replicas become consistent, given no further updates. This means that at any given time, different replicas of data may be in an inconsistent state, but they will converge over time. It allows for higher availability and performance in distributed systems but requires careful handling of conflicts and reconciliation.

Question: Can you explain the concept of sharding in NoSQL databases?

Answer: Sharding is the process of horizontally partitioning data across multiple servers or nodes in a distributed system. Each shard holds a subset of the overall data, allowing the system to scale horizontally and distribute the workload. Sharding is commonly used in NoSQL databases to handle large volumes of data and high throughput by distributing data storage and queries across multiple nodes.

Question: What are some common challenges faced when working with NoSQL databases, and how would you address them?

Answer: Some common challenges include schema design, data consistency, and lack of standardized query languages. To address these challenges, careful consideration of data modeling and schema design is necessary upfront. Implementing appropriate consistency models and conflict resolution strategies can help maintain data integrity. Additionally, using abstraction layers or libraries can mitigate the lack of standardized query languages by providing a unified interface for interacting with different NoSQL databases.

Question: How would you approach performance tuning and optimization in a NoSQL database environment?

Answer: Performance tuning in NoSQL databases involves optimizing various aspects such as data modeling, indexing, query optimization, and cluster configuration. Analyzing query patterns and access patterns can help identify bottlenecks and optimize data layout and indexing accordingly. Scaling the cluster horizontally by adding more nodes or partitions can also improve throughput and performance. Monitoring and profiling tools can be used to identify performance issues and fine-tune database configurations accordingly.

Question: What are some common security considerations when working with NoSQL databases?

Answer: Security considerations in NoSQL databases include authentication, authorization, encryption, and data integrity. It's essential to implement strong authentication mechanisms to control access to the database and ensure that only authorized users can perform operations. Role-based access control (RBAC) can be used to manage permissions at a granular level. Encrypting data at rest and in transit helps protect sensitive information from unauthorized access. Additionally, implementing auditing and monitoring mechanisms can help detect and respond to security incidents.

Question: Describe the process of data replication in a distributed NoSQL database.

Answer: Data replication in a distributed NoSQL database involves copying data across multiple nodes or servers to ensure fault tolerance and high availability. Most distributed NoSQL databases use a replication factor to specify the number of copies or replicas of data to maintain. Replication can be synchronous or asynchronous, depending on the consistency and performance requirements. Nodes can replicate data to their replicas either in real-time or in batches, depending on the replication strategy configured.

Question: How would you handle data consistency in a distributed NoSQL database system?

Answer: Handling data consistency in a distributed NoSQL database system involves choosing an appropriate consistency model and implementing mechanisms to ensure data consistency across replicas. This can include using techniques like quorum-based consistency, where a certain number of replicas must agree on an update before it's considered successful. Conflict resolution strategies, such as last-write-wins or vector clocks, can be used to resolve conflicting updates in a distributed environment.

Question: Discuss the role of indexes in optimizing query performance in NoSQL databases.

Answer: Indexes in NoSQL databases serve a similar purpose as indexes in SQL databases, facilitating faster data retrieval by providing efficient access paths to data. Depending on the database type, indexes can be built on different attributes or fields within documents, columns in column-family databases, or keys in key-value stores. By creating appropriate indexes on frequently queried fields, you can significantly improve query performance by reducing the need for full scans or table scans.

Question: What are some common use cases for using NoSQL databases in modern applications?

Answer: NoSQL databases are commonly used in modern applications for various use cases, including real-time analytics, content management systems, e-commerce platforms, social media applications, IoT data management, and mobile app backends. They excel in scenarios where high scalability, flexible schema design, and fast data access are required, making them suitable for handling large volumes of semi-structured or unstructured data in distributed environments.

Question: What is Apache Cassandra, and what are its key features?

Answer: Apache Cassandra is a highly scalable, distributed NoSQL database designed for handling large volumes of data across multiple commodity servers while providing high availability and fault tolerance. Its key features include linear scalability, tunable consistency, decentralized architecture, and support for denormalized data models.

Question: How does Cassandra achieve high availability and fault tolerance?

Answer: Cassandra achieves high availability and fault tolerance through its decentralized architecture and replication strategy. Data is replicated across multiple nodes in a cluster, and each node can serve read and write requests independently. In the event of a node failure, data replicas on other nodes ensure continued availability and prevent data loss.

Question: Explain the concept of eventual consistency in Cassandra.

Answer: In Cassandra, eventual consistency means that after a certain period of time, all updates to a given piece of data will propagate across the cluster, ensuring eventual convergence to a consistent state. This allows Cassandra to provide high availability and fault tolerance while relaxing strong consistency guarantees, which can improve system performance and scalability.

Question: What are the key components of the Cassandra data model?

Answer: The key components of the Cassandra data model include keyspace, column family (table), columns, rows, and partition key. A keyspace is the highest-level container for data in Cassandra, similar to a database in traditional SQL databases. A column family represents a collection of rows, each containing columns. Rows are uniquely identified by a partition key, and columns within a row are sorted by a clustering key.

Question: How does Cassandra handle data distribution and replication?

Answer: Cassandra distributes data across multiple nodes in a cluster using a partitioning strategy based on the partition key. Data is partitioned into smaller units called partitions, and each partition is assigned to a particular node based on a partitioner. Cassandra uses a replication strategy to replicate data across multiple nodes for fault tolerance and high availability, allowing users to specify the number of replicas and placement strategy.

Question: What is the consistency level in Cassandra, and how does it affect read and write operations?

Answer: Consistency level in Cassandra refers to the level of agreement required from replicas before a read or write operation is considered successful. Cassandra offers tunable consistency, allowing users to specify the consistency level on a per-operation basis. Consistency levels include ONE, QUORUM, ALL, and LOCAL_QUORUM, among others. The chosen consistency level determines how many replicas must acknowledge the operation for it to be considered successful.

Question: How would you optimize a Cassandra database for performance?

Answer: Optimizing a Cassandra database for performance involves various strategies, including data modeling, partitioning, indexing, and cluster configuration. Proper data modeling, such as denormalizing data and avoiding hotspots, can improve query performance. Effective partitioning ensures even distribution of data across nodes, preventing uneven workload distribution. Indexing on frequently queried columns can accelerate data retrieval. Cluster configuration, including hardware selection and tuning, can also impact performance significantly.

Question: What are some common use cases for Apache Cassandra?

Answer: Apache Cassandra is commonly used in scenarios requiring high availability, scalability, and fault tolerance, such as real-time analytics, time series data, logging and monitoring systems, messaging platforms, recommendation engines, and IoT data management. Its decentralized architecture and linear scalability make it well-suited for distributed applications with large datasets and high throughput requirements.

Tell me about yourself

As an Engineering Team Lead at Accenture since March 2020, I have been responsible for leading a team of engineers in various software development and testing projects. My primary focus has been on test automation and ensuring the quality of software products. I have extensive experience in using Protractor for end-to-end testing of web applications, as well as API testing using the ReadyAPI tool. Additionally, I have expertise in functional testing methodologies to ensure the overall quality and reliability of software systems.

Prior to joining Accenture, I worked at Xavient as a Senior Software Engineer, where I specialized in automation testing. In this role, I utilized Selenium with Java, TestNG, and Maven to automate test cases and ensure the efficiency of the testing process. I created the framework in Selenium as I was the sole resource working on the automation side.

I also gained hands-on experience with Jenkins and Git for continuous integration and version control.

Before Xavient, I worked in data testing using SQL Server in a previous organization, where I honed my skills in data validation and ensuring data integrity.

Overall, I have over 11 years of experience in the software industry, with more than 5 years dedicated specifically to automation testing. My diverse background in testing methodologies, automation tools, and leadership roles has equipped me with the skills necessary to drive successful software projects and deliver high-quality products to clients.

Algorithms MCQ

Question : Which of the following sorting algorithms has the best average-case time complexity?

Bubble Sort

Selection Sort

Merge Sort

Insertion Sort

Correct Answer :  Merge Sort

Question : What is the time complexity of the Quick Sort algorithm in the worst case?

O(n)

O(n log n)

O(n^2)

O(log n)

Correct Answer :  O(n^2)

Question : Which sorting algorithm is an example of an in-place sorting algorithm?

Merge Sort

Heap Sort

Quick Sort

Radix Sort

Correct Answer :  Quick Sort

Question : Which of the following sorting algorithms has the best space complexity?

Merge Sort

Quick Sort

Insertion Sort

Selection Sort

Correct Answer :  Merge Sort

Question : Which of the following sorting algorithms is stable?

Quick Sort

Merge Sort

Heap Sort

Selection Sort

Correct Answer :  Merge Sort

Question : Which sorting algorithm is known for its efficient performance on almost sorted arrays or small data sets?

Merge Sort

Quick Sort

Insertion Sort

Bubble Sort

Correct Answer :  Insertion Sort

Question : Which sorting algorithm is not suitable for large data sets or arrays?

Quick Sort

Merge Sort

Bubble Sort

Insertion Sort

Correct Answer :  Bubble Sort

Question : Which sorting algorithm has the best average-case time complexity among the following?

Bubble Sort

Quick Sort

Insertion Sort

Selection Sort

Correct Answer :  Quick Sort

Question : Which sorting algorithm is based on the divide and conquer strategy?

Insertion Sort

Bubble Sort

Quick Sort

Selection Sort

Correct Answer :  Quick Sort

Question : Which sorting algorithm is not comparison-based?

Merge Sort

Quick Sort

Counting Sort

Bubble Sort

Correct Answer :  Counting Sort

Question : Which sorting algorithm works by repeatedly stepping through the list, comparing each pair of adjacent items, and swapping them if they are in the wrong order?

Merge Sort

Quick Sort

Bubble Sort

Insertion Sort

Correct Answer :  Bubble Sort

Question : Which sorting algorithm is also known as a "sinking sort"?

Bubble Sort

Quick Sort

Merge Sort

Insertion Sort

Correct Answer :  Bubble Sort

Question : Which sorting algorithm uses the idea of a "pivot" element to partition the array into two sub-arrays?

Merge Sort

Quick Sort

Selection Sort

Insertion Sort

Correct Answer :  Quick Sort

Question : Which sorting algorithm is typically used for sorting small data sets or as a subroutine in other algorithms like quicksort?

Insertion Sort

Merge Sort

Heap Sort

Quick Sort

Correct Answer :  Insertion Sort

Question : Which sorting algorithm has the best worst-case time complexity among the following?

Merge Sort

Quick Sort

Bubble Sort

Selection Sort

Correct Answer :  Merge Sort

Question : Which sorting algorithm is most suitable for sorting linked lists?

Merge Sort

Quick Sort

Bubble Sort

Insertion Sort

Correct Answer :  Merge Sort

Question : Which sorting algorithm has the best performance for sorting nearly sorted arrays?

Quick Sort

Merge Sort

Insertion Sort

Bubble Sort

Correct Answer :  Insertion Sort

Question : Which sorting algorithm is based on the principle of repeatedly selecting the smallest (or largest) element from the unsorted portion of the array and moving it to its correct position in the sorted portion?

Selection Sort

Bubble Sort

Merge Sort

Insertion Sort

Correct Answer :  Selection Sort

Question : Which sorting algorithm is not inherently recursive?

Merge Sort

Quick Sort

Bubble Sort

Selection Sort

Correct Answer :  Selection Sort

Question : Which sorting algorithm has the best performance for sorting data that is already mostly sorted?

Bubble Sort

Insertion Sort

Merge Sort

Quick Sort

Correct Answer :  Insertion Sort

Question : Which searching algorithm works only on sorted arrays?

Linear Search

Binary Search

Depth-First Search (DFS)

Breadth-First Search (BFS)

Correct Answer :  Binary Search

Question : What is the time complexity of Linear Search in the worst-case scenario?

O(1)

O(log n)

O(n)

O(n log n)

Correct Answer :  O(n)

Question : Which searching algorithm divides the search interval in half at each step?

Linear Search

Binary Search

Depth-First Search (DFS)

Breadth-First Search (BFS)

Correct Answer :  Binary Search

Question : Which searching algorithm is typically used for searching in unsorted arrays?

Linear Search

Binary Search

Depth-First Search (DFS)

Breadth-First Search (BFS)

Correct Answer :  Linear Search

Question : What is the time complexity of Binary Search in the worst-case scenario?

O(1)

O(log n)

O(n)

O(n log n)

Correct Answer :  O(log n)

Question : Which searching algorithm is based on the principle of dividing the search space into smaller subspaces?

Linear Search

Binary Search

Depth-First Search (DFS)

Breadth-First Search (BFS)

Correct Answer :  Binary Search

Question : Which searching algorithm is typically used for traversing graphs?

Linear Search

Binary Search

Depth-First Search (DFS)

Breadth-First Search (BFS)

Correct Answer :  Depth-First Search (DFS)

Question : What is the time complexity of Depth-First Search (DFS) in the worst-case scenario?

O(1)

O(log n)

O(n)

O(n log n)

Correct Answer :  O(n)

Question : Which searching algorithm is based on the principle of exploring all neighbors at the current depth level before moving on to the next level?

Linear Search

Binary Search

Depth-First Search (DFS)

Breadth-First Search (BFS)

Correct Answer :  Breadth-First Search (BFS)

Question : What is the time complexity of Breadth-First Search (BFS) in the worst-case scenario?

O(1)

O(log n)

O(n)

O(n log n)

Correct Answer :  O(n)

Question : Which searching algorithm is used to find the shortest path in unweighted graphs?

Linear Search

Binary Search

Depth-First Search (DFS)

Breadth-First Search (BFS)

Correct Answer :  Breadth-First Search (BFS)

Question : Which searching algorithm can be implemented using recursion?

Linear Search

Binary Search

Depth-First Search (DFS)

Breadth-First Search (BFS)

Correct Answer :  Depth-First Search (DFS)

Question : Which searching algorithm is not suitable for searching in large data sets?

Linear Search

Binary Search

Depth-First Search (DFS)

Breadth-First Search (BFS)

Correct Answer :  Linear Search

Question : Which searching algorithm can be used to find the presence of a target element in an array?

Linear Search

Binary Search

Depth-First Search (DFS)

Breadth-First Search (BFS)

Correct Answer :  Linear Search

Question : Which searching algorithm is based on the principle of comparing the target value to the middle element of the array?

Linear Search

Binary Search

Depth-First Search (DFS)

Breadth-First Search (BFS)

Correct Answer :  Binary Search

Question : Which searching algorithm is used for finding the connected components in a graph?

Linear Search

Binary Search

Depth-First Search (DFS)

Breadth-First Search (BFS)

Correct Answer :  Depth-First Search (DFS)

Question : Which searching algorithm is based on the principle of exploring as far as possible along each branch before backtracking?

Linear Search

Binary Search

Depth-First Search (DFS)

Breadth-First Search (BFS)

Correct Answer :  Depth-First Search (DFS)

Question : Which searching algorithm is used for finding the shortest path in weighted graphs?

Linear Search

Binary Search

Depth-First Search (DFS)

Breadth-First Search (BFS)

Correct Answer :  Breadth-First Search (BFS)

Question : Which searching algorithm requires the elements to be sorted beforehand to guarantee correctness?

Linear Search

Binary Search

Depth-First Search (DFS)

Breadth-First Search (BFS)

Correct Answer :  Binary Search

Question : Which searching algorithm can be used for solving maze problems?

Linear Search

Binary Search

Depth-First Search (DFS)

Breadth-First Search (BFS)

Correct Answer :  Depth-First Search (DFS)

Question : What is the time complexity of an algorithm that performs a single operation for each input element?

O(1)

O(log n)

O(n)

O(n^2)

Correct Answer :  O(n)

Question : Which notation represents the worst-case time complexity of an algorithm?

Big O (O)

Big Omega (Ω)

Big Theta (Θ)

Small O (o)

Correct Answer :  Big O (O)

Question : What does the Big O notation O(n log n) represent?

Linear time complexity

Quadratic time complexity

Logarithmic time complexity

Linearithmic time complexity

Correct Answer :  Linearithmic time complexity

Question : Which of the following factors can affect the performance of an algorithm?

Input size

Input distribution

Hardware platform

All of the above

Correct Answer :  All of the above

Question : What is the best-case time complexity of an algorithm?

The minimum time taken by the algorithm for any input

The average time taken by the algorithm for all inputs

The maximum time taken by the algorithm for any input

The time taken by the algorithm in the most common scenario

Correct Answer :  The minimum time taken by the algorithm for any input

Question : Which of the following factors is not considered in algorithm analysis?

Input size

Input distribution

Hardware platform

Software development tools

Correct Answer :  Software development tools

Question : What is the time complexity of an algorithm that executes a constant number of operations, regardless of the input size?

O(1)

O(log n)

O(n)

O(n^2)

Correct Answer :  O(1)

Question : Which of the following notations represents the lower bound of an algorithm's time complexity?

Big O (O)

Big Omega (Ω)

Big Theta (Θ)

Small O (o)

Correct Answer :  Big Omega (Ω)

Question : What is the space complexity of an algorithm?

The amount of memory required by the algorithm to run

The number of operations performed by the algorithm

The number of input elements processed by the algorithm

The time taken by the algorithm to execute

Correct Answer :  The amount of memory required by the algorithm to run

Question : Which of the following time complexities represents the fastest-growing rate?

O(log n)

O(n)

O(n^2)

O(2^n)

Correct Answer :  O(2^n)

Question : What is the time complexity of an algorithm that performs nested loops, each iterating up to 'n' times?

O(1)

O(log n)

O(n)

O(n^2)

Correct Answer :  O(n^2)

Question : Which of the following notations represents both the upper and lower bounds of an algorithm's time complexity?

Big O (O)

Big Omega (Ω)

Big Theta (Θ)

Small O (o)

Correct Answer :  Big Theta (Θ)

Question : What is the time complexity of an algorithm that divides the input size by a constant factor at each step?

O(1)

O(log n)

O(n)

O(n^2)

Correct Answer :  O(log n)

Question : Which of the following is not a common method for analyzing algorithm complexity?

Asymptotic analysis

Experimental analysis

Average-case analysis

Worst-case analysis

Correct Answer :  Experimental analysis

Question : What is the time complexity of an algorithm that performs a linear search through an unsorted array?

O(1)

O(log n)

O(n)

O(n^2)

Correct Answer :  O(n)

Question : What is the time complexity of an algorithm that sorts an array using the Bubble Sort technique?

O(1)

O(log n)

O(n)

O(n^2)

Correct Answer :  O(n^2)

Question : Which of the following notations represents the upper bound of an algorithm's time complexity?

Big O (O)

Big Omega (Ω)

Big Theta (Θ)

Small O (o)

Correct Answer :  Big O (O)

Question : What is the time complexity of an algorithm that performs a binary search through a sorted array?

O(1)

O(log n)

O(n)

O(n^2)

Correct Answer :  O(log n)

Question : What is the time complexity of an algorithm that performs a selection sort on an array of size 'n'?

O(1)

O(log n)

O(n)

O(n^2)

Correct Answer :  O(n^2)

Question : Which of the following notations represents the average-case time complexity of an algorithm?

Big O (O)

Big Omega (Ω)

Big Theta (Θ)

Small O (o)

Correct Answer :  Big Theta (Θ)

Question : What is dynamic programming?

A programming paradigm used for developing dynamic websites.

A programming technique used to solve problems by breaking them down into simpler subproblems.

A programming language specifically designed for solving mathematical optimization problems.

A type of programming that focuses on dynamic memory allocation.

Correct Answer :  A programming technique used to solve problems by breaking them down into simpler subproblems.

Question : Which of the following is a characteristic of dynamic programming?

It always involves recursion.

It relies on memoization to store solutions to subproblems.

It only works for problems with overlapping subproblems.

It does not handle optimization problems.

Correct Answer :  It relies on memoization to store solutions to subproblems.

Question : What is memoization in the context of dynamic programming?

Storing the solutions to subproblems so that they do not need to be recomputed.

A process of generating random solutions to subproblems.

Dividing a problem into smaller subproblems.

Solving a problem iteratively rather than recursively.

Correct Answer :  Storing the solutions to subproblems so that they do not need to be recomputed.

Question : Which of the following problems can be solved efficiently using dynamic programming?

Sorting a list of integers.

Finding the shortest path in a graph.

Finding the maximum sum subarray.

Calculating the factorial of a number.

Correct Answer :  Finding the maximum sum subarray.

Question : What is the main idea behind dynamic programming?

Breaking down a problem into smaller subproblems and solving each subproblem only once.

Breaking down a problem into smaller subproblems and solving each subproblem multiple times.

Solving a problem directly without considering its subproblems.

Using recursion to solve a problem without considering its subproblems.

Correct Answer :  Breaking down a problem into smaller subproblems and solving each subproblem only once.

Question : Which of the following algorithms is not an example of dynamic programming?

Fibonacci sequence using recursion.

Knapsack problem.

Bellman-Ford algorithm for shortest paths.

Breadth-First Search (BFS).

Correct Answer :  Breadth-First Search (BFS).

Question : In dynamic programming, what is the purpose of solving smaller subproblems?

To find the optimal solution to the original problem.

To divide the problem into manageable chunks.

To minimize the time complexity of the algorithm.

To maximize the space complexity of the algorithm.

Correct Answer :  To find the optimal solution to the original problem.

Question : Which of the following is not a step in solving a problem using dynamic programming?

Memoization.

Solving the original problem.

Breaking the problem down into smaller subproblems.

Storing all possible solutions in a lookup table.

Correct Answer :  Storing all possible solutions in a lookup table.

Question : What is the time complexity of a dynamic programming solution to a problem with 'n' subproblems, each taking 'O(k)' time to solve?

O(k)

O(n)

O(n log n)

O(nk)

Correct Answer :  O(n)

Question : Which of the following is a drawback of dynamic programming?

It is difficult to implement.

It requires a large amount of memory.

It cannot handle problems with overlapping subproblems.

It may not always be the most efficient solution for a problem.

Correct Answer :  It may not always be the most efficient solution for a problem.